Lesson 1

Front 1

Dorsal Body Cavity

Back 1

Contains the cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Front 2

Thoracic Cavity

Back 2

Contains the heart and lungs

Front 3

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 3

Contains the liver, stomach, intestines, rectum, bladder and reproductive organs

Front 4

Ventral cavity

Back 4

Contains the Thoracic and Abdomino-pelvic cavity

Front 5

Anatomical Position

Back 5

standing erect, faciing forward, arms at sides, palms forward

Front 6

Supine

Back 6

lying on back

Front 7

Prone

Back 7

lying face down

Front 8

Superior

Back 8

above

Front 9

Inferior

Back 9

below

Front 10

Anterior

Back 10

front

Front 11

Posterior

Back 11

back

Front 12

medial

Back 12

towards the midline

Front 13

lateral

Back 13

away from the midline

Front 14

cephalad

Back 14

towards the head

Front 15

caudal

Back 15

away from the head

Front 16

dorsal

Back 16

backside

Front 17

ventral

Back 17

belly side

Front 18

proximal

Back 18

nearer the trunk or attached end

Front 19

distal

Back 19

farther from the trunk or point of attachment

Front 20

Superficial

Back 20

towards the body surface

Front 21

Deep

Back 21

away from the body surface

Front 22

central

Back 22

pinciple or main part

Front 23

peripheral

Back 23

a position that is located away from the center area of the body

Front 24

parietal

Back 24

wall of a cavity

Front 25

visceral

Back 25

covers organs within a cavity

Front 26

cephalic

Back 26

pertaining to the head

Front 27

oral

Back 27

pertaining to the mouth

Front 28

orbital

Back 28

pertaining to the bony eye socket

Front 29

buccal

Back 29

pertaining to the cheek

Front 30

cervical

Back 30

pertaining to the neck region

Front 31

thoracic

Back 31

pertaining to the chest

Front 32

axillary

Back 32

pertaining to the armpit

Front 33

umbilical

Back 33

pertaining to the naval

Front 34

brachial

Back 34

pertaining to the arm; region or upper limb between shoulder and elbow

Front 35

antecubital

Back 35

pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow

Front 36

abdominal

Back 36

pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

Front 37

patellar

Back 37

pertaining to the anterior knee (kneecap) region

Front 38

inguinal

Back 38

pertaining to the area where the thigh meets the body trunk

Front 39

pubic

Back 39

pertaining to the genital region

Front 40

occipital

Back 40

pertaining to the posterior surface of the head or base of the skull

Front 41

deltoid

Back 41

pertaining to the curve of the shoulder formed by the large deltoid muscle

Front 42

scapular

Back 42

pertaining to the scapula or shoulder blade area

Front 43

femoral

Back 43

pertaining to the thigh

Front 44

digital

Back 44

pertaining to the fingers or toes

Front 45

lumbar

Back 45

pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips

Front 46

gluteal

Back 46

pertaining to the buttocks or rump

Front 47

popliteal

Back 47

pertaining to the posterior knee region

Front 48

sural

Back 48

pertaining to the posterior surface of the leg

Front 49

calcaneal

Back 49

pertaining to the heel of the foot

Front 50

section

Back 50

cut

Front 51

plane

Back 51

imaginary surface or line

Front 52

Sagittal plane

Back 52

a plane that runs longitundinally, dividing the body into right and left parts

Front 53

Midsagittal/Median Plane

Back 53

sagittal plane dividing the body into equal parts right down the median plane of the body

Front 54

parasagittal plane

Back 54

all other sagittal planes

Front 55

frontal plane/coronal plane

Back 55

longitudinal plane that divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts

Front 56

transverse plane

Back 56

runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts;

Front 57

Cross sections

Back 57

when organs are sectioned along the transverse plane

Front 58

Erect position

Back 58

Upright not stooping

Front 59

Lateral recumbent position

Back 59

Body lying down horizontally on either right or left side

Front 60

Intermediate

Back 60

In between two structures

Front 61

Ipsilateral

Back 61

On the same side

Front 62

Contralateral

Back 62

On the opposite side

Front 63

Unilateral

Back 63

On one side

Front 64

Bilateral

Back 64

On both sides

Front 65

Pectoral

Back 65

Breast area

Front 66

Pelvic

Back 66

Hip

Front 67

Tibial

Back 67

Calf

Front 68

Parasagittal plane

Back 68

Separates the body, or body part, longitudinally into UNEQUAL left and right sides

Front 69

Cranial cavity

Back 69

Contains the brain

Front 70

Spinal cavity

Back 70

Contain the spinal cord

Front 71

Cavity membranes

Back 71

The thoracic and abdominal cavities have a double layered membrane that line the cavity and surrounds the organs within it. It is a serous membrane.

Front 72

Serous membrane

Back 72

Secretes a watery, lubricating fluid called serous fluid that reduces friction between the layers of membranes & lets organs slide past each other. Two types Visceral & Parietal.

Front 73

Visceral layer

Back 73

The layer that lines the OUTER surface of organs

Front 74

Parietal layer

Back 74

The layer that lines the WALLS of body cavities

Front 75

Different cavity membranes

Back 75

Each cavity has its own membrane name eg abdominal cavity has the peritoneum, which is the largest serous membrane.

Front 76

Oblique plane

Back 76

Separates the body or body parts at an angle

Front 77

Anatomy

Back 77

The study of STRUCTURES of the body and their relationship to one another

Front 78

Physiology

Back 78

Is the study of the FUNCTIONS of the various parts of the body and how they work

Front 79

Level of structural organisation

Back 79

1)Chemical level 2)Cellular level 3)Tissue level 4)Organ level 5)System level 6)Organismal level

Front 80

Chemical level

Back 80

This level includes atoms and molecules. When two or more atoms join they form a molecule

Front 81

Cellular level

Back 81

Certain molecules combine in a particular way to form cells. Cells are the smallest living unit of the body, & are the basic structural and functional units of the body

Front 82

Tissue level

Back 82

Tissues are formed from groups of cells that work together to perform certain functions. There are four basic types of tissue epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous.

Front 83

Organ level

Back 83

Organs are formed when two or more types of tissue come together to form a structure with a specialised function, and usually a recognisable shape. Eg brain, heart, skin

Front 84

System level

Back 84

Body systems are composed of several organs that work together in a common function. Eg digestive, skeletal and nervous systems

Front 85

Organismal level

Back 85

The organism consists of all the organ systems & body parts working together, and is the largest organisational level

Front 86

Homeostatis

Back 86

The way the body attempts to keep a relatively stable internal environment

Front 87

Components of homeostatis

Back 87

Receptor, effector, control centre

Front 88

Receptor

Back 88

A body structure that gathers information about the state of a controlled condition, & send INPUT to the control centre

Front 89

Control centre

Back 89

(Brain)Evaluates the info received against the ‘controlled condition’ and sends OUTPUT to the effectors if necessary

Front 90

Effectors

Back 90

A body structure that receives output from the control centre and carries out a RESPONSE to cause a change in the controlled condition

Front 91

Negative feedback system

Back 91

Reverses the change in a controlled condition. Opposite direction fo stimulus

Front 92

Positive feedback system

Back 92

Reinforces, strengthens or increases the change in a controlled condition. Same direction as stimulus