Lesion Problems And Lab Notes

Front 1

What is Horner's Syndrome?

Back 1

Constricted Pupil (lack parasymp innervation)
Ptosis (upper eyelid droop)
Anhidrosis (no perspiration)

CN3 damage = pupil dilated (lack ability to dilate)

Front 2

Right Paresis of Lower and Upper Extremities
Right Sensory Loss
Cranial Nerve Functions Normal
Problems Speaking

Back 2

Left Hemisphere CVA
-- Right loss of movement and sensation
-- Left hemisphere is usually language center
-- CN function was normal; so likely above brainstem
-- could be expressive problem (maybe broca's)

Front 3

Right Medulla CVA (right brainstem injury)

Back 3

Brainstem Injuries exhibit ipsalateral cranial nerve and contralateral sensory and motor issues. CN involvement depends on level. CN 7,9,10 are within the medulla.

Front 4

SCI - C6 Incomplete
Where would you test for motor and sensation
Any cognitive impairment?
UMN or LMN?
What tests would you perform to distinguish either?

Back 4

SCI C6 *INCOMPLETE* -- UMN Injury
Test Motor and Sensation of ALL Extremities and Trunk
Check Reflexes, Look at Tone, Babinski Test
No Cognitive Impairment unless head injury

Front 5

How would your eval different if SCI was Complete vs Incomplete?

Back 5

INCOMPLETE -- test all extremities and trunk
COMPLETE SCI -- test near and above injury

Front 6

VISUAL ACUITY

Back 6

Clearness, sharpness, distinctiveness of vision, or the ability to distinguish 2 nearby objects as separate.

Fine Detail

Front 7

Name 7 structures that light must pass through before it interacts with the photoreceptors.

Back 7

Cornea --> Anterior Chamber (aqueous humor) --> Lens --> Vitreous Humor --> Nerve Fiber Layer -- Ganglion Cell Layer --> Inner Plexiform Layer --> Inner Nuclear --> Outer Plex --> Outer Nuclear --> PHOTORECEPTORS!

Front 8

Give 3 reasons why visual acuity is best when images fall on the fovea.

Back 8

CONES = DETAIL and COLOR
No Blood Vessels
No Other Cell Layers to go through
Lots of Cortex Devoted to this area.

Front 9

What are 2 reasons why a physician might perform an ophthalmoscopic examination of the eye?

Back 9

Check Intracranial Pressure (for Papilledema)
Check Blood Vessels of the Eye

Front 10

If there were right eye blindness, where would the lesion be?

Back 10

Right Optic Nerve

Front 11

What symptoms would occur if there was Left Inferior Quadrantanopia?

Back 11

Left Side, Inferior Quadrant would be lost

Blind spot in bottom left of vision.
Lesion to Superior Fibers of the Optic Radiation within the Right Hemisphere between LGN and Primary Visual Cx

Front 12

What is the Geniculocalcarine tract?

Back 12

The same thing as the optic radiations.
Geniculo- = LGN
Calcarine = sulcus of primary visual cx

Front 13

What is the Striate Cortex?

Back 13

Primary Visual Cortex
There are stripes in this portion of cortex.

Extrastriate Cortex is Visual Assocation Cortex (18+19)

Front 14

What is prosopagnosia?

Back 14

Inability or Difficulty in Facial Recognition
Don't recognize ppl.

Front 15

Motion Blindness

Back 15

Inability to see motion. Only see still images. No other visual deficits.
Bilateral Extra Striate / Association Cortex Lesion

Front 16

What's an Argyll Roberston pupil?

Back 16

Pupil constricts in the Near (accommodation) reflex but DOESN"T to Light

Near Reflex Works
Light Reflex Broken

Front 17

Papilledema

Back 17

Edema at the Optic Disk
Caused by Increase in INTRACRANIAL Pressure
Can occur by hydrocephalus