Lesion Localization

Front 1

grasp reflex, frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities, UMN-type leg weakness and sensory leg loss

Back 1

anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

Front 2

homonymous hemianopia

Back 2

posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
upper and lower bank of calcarine fissure
optic nerve after chiasm
optic radiations

Front 3

monocular visual loss

Back 3

optic nerve before chiasm

Front 4

bitemporal hemianopia

Back 4

optic chiasm/pituitary

Front 5

superior quadrantanopia

Back 5

lower bank of calcarine fissure

Front 6

inferior quadrantanopia

Back 6

upper bank of calcarine fissure

Front 7

hemiplegia (face and arm predominant), hemianesthesia (face and arm predominant), homonymous hemianopia, global aphasia

Back 7

middle cerebral artery

Front 8

decreased pinprick, temperature, vibration, light touch sensation in one side of face, arm, leg, and trunk plus decreased 2-point discrimination

Back 8

lenticulostriate arteries
thalamus (VPL)

Front 9

unsteady gait, ataxia, dysrythmia, dizziness, nausea, contralateral-beating nystagmus, decreased pain and temperature on in face, decreased corneal reflex, decreased pain and temperature on contralateral limbs and trunk, ptosis, hoarseness, decreased palate elevation

Back 9

lateral medulla
(lateral medullary syndrome)

Front 10

pure motor

Back 10

internal capsule/ lacunar infarct

Front 11

pure sensory

Back 11

thalamus/ lacunar infarct

Front 12

truncal ataxia - problems with standing and walking

Back 12

medial cerebellum or vermis

Front 13

nausea/ vomiting, dysarthria, nystagmus

Back 13

cerebellum (general)

Front 14

ipsilateral appendicular ataxia (dysmetria and dysdiadokinesia)

Back 14

intermediate hemispheres of cerebellum

Front 15

loss of ipsilateral programmed motor planning

Back 15

lateral hemispheres of cerebellum

Front 16

loss of vibration and position sense, pain and temperature, and motor loss below level

Back 16

tranverse spinal cord lesion

Front 17

loss of vibration, position, and motor on one side, pain and temperature loss contralaterally, all below a certain level

Back 17

hemicord lesion

Front 18

cape pattern of pain/temperature loss

Back 18

central cord small lesion

Front 19

quadruplegia except genitals

Back 19

central cord large lesion

Front 20

Where in the spinal cord are the following pathways?
UMNs
LMNs
pain and temperature sense
vibration and position sense

Back 20

lateral corticospinal tract
anterior horn
anterolateral
posterior columns

Front 21

complete loss of motor, pain, and temp sensation

Back 21

anterior cord syndrome (often anterior spinal artery infarct)

Front 22

What nerve root and/or disc are responsible for deltoid, infraspinatus, and biceps weakness?

Back 22

C5 nerve root
C4-C5 disc

Front 23

What nerve root and/or disc are responsible for decreased biceps and pectoralis reflexes?

Back 23

C5 nerve root
C4-C5 disc

Front 24

What nerve root and/or disc are responsible for wrist extensor and biceps weakenss?

Back 24

C6 nerve root
C5-C6 disc

Front 25

What nerve root and/or disc are responsible for decreased biceps and brachioradialis reflexes?

Back 25

C6 nerve root
C5-C6 disc

Front 26

What nerve root and/or disc are responsible for decreased triceps reflex?

Back 26

C7 nerve root
C6-C7 disc

Front 27

What nerve root and/or disc are responsible for triceps weakness?

Back 27

C7 nerve root
C6-C7 disc

Front 28

What nerve is responsible for weakness in extending arm, wrist, and finger joints, forearm suponation, and thumb abduction?

Back 28

radial nerve

Front 29

What nerve is damaged with sensory loss to the posterior arm and dorsal hand?

Back 29

radial nerve

Front 30

What nerve is responsible for weakness in thumb flexion and opposition, flexion of digits 2 and 3, wrist flexion and abduction, forearm pronation

Back 30

median nerve

Front 31

What nerve is damaged with sensory loss to the thumb and digits 1 and 2

Back 31

median nerve

Front 32

What nerve is responsible for weakness in finger adduction and abduction, thumb adduction, flexion of digits 4 and 5, wrist flexion and adduction?

Back 32

ulnar nerve

Front 33

What nerve is damaged with sensory loss to digits 4 and 5?

Back 33

ulnar nerve

Front 34

What nerve is responsible for arm abduction (deltoid)?

Back 34

axillary nerve

Front 35

What nerve is responsible for arm flexion at the elbow, supination of forearm?

Back 35

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 36

What nerve is damaged with sensory loss to the lateral lower arm?

Back 36

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 37

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with iliopsoas and quadriceps weakness?

Back 37

L4 nerve root
L3-L4 disc

Front 38

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with diminished patellar reflex?

Back 38

L4 nerve root
L3-L4 disc

Front 39

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with foot dorsiflexion, big toe extension weakness?

Back 39

L5 nerve root
L5-S1 disc

Front 40

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with sensory loss in the shoulder and upper lateral arm?

Back 40

C5 nerve root
C4-C5 disc

Front 41

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with sensory loss in the thumb and first digit, and the lateral forearm?

Back 41

C6 nerve root
C5-C6 disc

Front 42

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with sensory loss in the third finger?

Back 42

C7 nerve root
C6-C7 disc

Front 43

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with foot plantar flexion weakenss?

Back 43

S1 nerve root
L5-S1 disc

Front 44

What nerve root and/or disc is involved with diminished Achilles tendon reflex?

Back 44

S1 nerve root
L5-S1 disc

Front 45

What nerve is associated with weakness in leg flexion at the hip and leg extension at the knee

Back 45

femoral nerve

Front 46

What nerve is associated with loss of sensation on the inner thigh and calf?

Back 46

femoral nerve

Front 47

What nerve is associated with weakness in adduction of the thigh?

Back 47

obturator nerve

Front 48

What nerve is associated with weakness of leg flexion at the knee and sensory loss of the outer calf and foot?

Back 48

sciatic nerve

Front 49

What nerve is associated with weakness in foot plantar flexion?

Back 49

tibial nerve (from S1)

Front 50

What nerve is associated with weakness in foot dorsiflexion?

Back 50

deep peroneal/fibular nerve (and L5)