Leisure And Quality Of Life

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Utilitarian

Back 1

Using leisure for social good

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constraints

Back 2

something that limits or is a barrier to leisure participation

Front 3

3 Types of leisure constraints

Back 3

Intrapersonal-individual psychological qualities

Interpersonal-Barriers from social interactions with friends, family-ex.you want to go for a hike but dont like to hike alone, therfore you cannot go hiking

Structural- Social/economic/political barriers ex.lack of time or money

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Leisure can be a powerful force or a structural barrier by systematically excluding certain groups

Back 4

-offering mens sport oppurtunities
-offering no teen leisure oppurtunities
-providing no access or services to people with disabilities
-providing signage and park information only in english

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Time

Back 5

-our time is victimized by cultural factors

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time urgency

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feeling rushed

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time deepening

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multi-tasking

-attempting to speed up a given activity
-substituting a leisure activity that takes longer time for one that can be done more quickly
-doing more then one activity at a time
-undertaking a leisure activity with more precise regard to time
--This results in
-never experiencing anything fully
-avoiding leisure activiites that require a long time to learn a skill
-increased stress

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time (temporal) displacement

Back 8

changing when one visits

Front 9

equity

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-freedom from bias or favorism
-there is not yet equity in leisure but leisure has a great potential to become an equalizer
-leisure constraints on all in society; men, women, minorities, disabled, and homosexuals

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standard of living

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-the economic, social, and psychological level which an individual or family lives
-quality and quanity of goods and services available to people

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Conservation

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is using it wisely:forest services

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preservations

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is protecting it:national parks

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John Muir

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a preservationist who founded the sierra club

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Stress

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-over 75% of all visits to PCP's are for stress related problems
-62% of employees routinely report work related neck pain, 34% report difficulty sleeping
-The # of employees calling in sick has tripled from 1996-2000
-Workers who must take time off because of stress, anxiety or a related disorder will be off the job for about 20 days

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melting pot

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-a metaphor in which societies today have developed
-immigrants from all over have come together bringing all of their cultures and ideas into one big pot, that eventually all melts together

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Consumption

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All household purchases of goods and services
-much consumption falls under basic needs(food, shelter, clothes, transportation, electricity, water, sewer)
-In developed Countries, expedentures on leisure has developed into an important sector of the economy

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Geoff Godbey

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Criticizes consumerism for more than its damage to happiness and the spirit of leisure

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Conserver leisure idea

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asks if there is another way to enjoy leisure without making heavy demands upon the environment and material resources
-is a matter of doing rather then having

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Americans Have...

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41 "leisure" hours a week

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Leisure expenditures account for about...

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$1 in every $8 spent by the American consumer

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Total leisure related expenditures are over...

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$1 trillion per year

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Most leisure expenditures occur....

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in the private sector

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Inclusion

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The involvement and full acceptance of persons with special needs into a wide range of community setting

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In the 1990's...

Back 24

leisure and therapeutic recreation providers focused on inclusion and diversity

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Diversity

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Recognition and celebration of differences within a unifying context

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Affluenza

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The addiction of consuming

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New Deal

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-The federally sponsored programs to provide jobs and stimulate economic recovery
-Created by President Roosevelt
-New Deal programs built concert halls and community theatres, developed outdoor recreation areas and camps, and helped establish state park systems

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Big Raid

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-Raids on forests, land, minerals, and wildlife
-Loggers are shown proudly sitting on a tree that they chopped down
-Life and limb were still intact in the ever dangerous woods

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Disability

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A form of physical or mental impairment that may limit ability to participate in some of life's activities
-We are all temporarily able-bodied
-43,000,000 Americans live with some form of disability
-Common disabilities include motor, visual, and hearing impaired-also psychological, behavioral, and learning disorders

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People with disabilities

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self-determination:
-being able to make choices for themselves

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Self-advocacy

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-their own voice in leisure; we all have the right to choose and make our own decisions
-Normalization-oppurtunities should be equal and similar
-Integration-Entitled to the same respect and attention as others

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990...

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helped the disabled attain more leisure oppurtunities= equity!!

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Gross National Happiness

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Based on the premise that true development of human society takes place when material and spiritual development occur side by side to complement and reinforce eachother
-Promotion of equitable and sustainable socio-economic development
-Preservation and promotion of cultural values
-conservation of the natural environment
-establish of good goverance

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Integration

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-enabling persons with and without disabilities to participate together
---social acceptance
---social interaction
*based on the idea of integrity; to be yourself among others

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The Lost Boys

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-From Sudan
-Now located throughout the US
-They were seperated from their parents while out herding cattle one day
-Their sudanese villages were attacked but the boys were able to get away
-They walked for thousands and thousands of miles, while many of them died

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The Settlement House Movement

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-a community center that provided various community services (focus on youth and women)
-Beggining of non-profit community based social services (charitable and missions drivers)
-Houses helped to improve lives of city neighborhoods especially for foreign born, taught skills to create productive lives

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Jane Addams

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-she and ellen star founded the Hull House in Chicago-1889
-One of the earliest settlement houses

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cultural capital

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-personal resources that are useful for achieving competence in a society's high status culture
ex.helping one suceed in a society

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social capital

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features of community life, such as interpersonal networks, volunteering and participation in self-governance
-ex.building community

Front 40

Leisure's Contributions to the econonmy

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-economics- how people use scarce resources in an attempt to satisfy needs and wants; the study of economic systems and behavior
-The precense of leisure facilities and programs attract business/industries to particular locates.
--contributes to quality of life for residents and citizens
--employment oppurtunities
--property value
--contributes to tax base

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Tragedy of the Commons

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-Imagine a shared pasture. If you add a sheep, the benefit is yours, but the cost is shared. Carrying capacity is exceeded. Sheep destroy pasture.
-Individuals each act in their own best interest but the collective result is negative
-We now protect parks because of this

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Theories of leisure participation by different ethnic groups

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Marginality Thesis- A function of economic and social factors creating a lack of oppurtunity

Ethnicity Thesis- Culturally/ ethnic based value systems, norms, and socialization patterns that limit or influence participation

Discrimination Thesis- An ethnic/racial group feels discriminated against/uncomfortable in certain settings

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Barriers to leisure participation

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-Sevreal Groups
---Women
-----Women experience inequity in leisure: Less time, less priority, and less quality
-----combine rold obligations with leisure
-----More likely to occur in the home and be unstructured
-----women do not feel entitled (especially homemakers)
**women have the most fragmented leisure time

-Gays and Lesbians
---quiet discrimination and complex issue
---little programming or attention to leisure needs in a public sector
---boyscouts of america-refuses membership
---Niche service markets exists primarily in private sectors (nightclubs, resorts, etc.)

-Racial and ethnic minorities
-Immigrants
-People with disabilities

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Political reform movements

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*response to growing urban problems
-the temperance movement(anti-drinking, gambling, and prostitution)
-The abolitionist movement(anti-slavery)
-Public school movement (pro-literacy and education)
-Labor movement(improve working conditions, child labor)
-Womens suffrage Movement (voting for women)

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Social and Cultural Time

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-each culture has its own time
-how late is too late?
-the more industrial a country, the more reliance on a linear notion of time
-As a genreal welfare increases, life becomes more hectic and more time scarce
* cultures have either
-1. TIme surplus:more free time, poor in wealth, low production, numerous holidays, spotanaeity etc.
2. Time scarcity: little free time, rich in wealth, high production, work dependent on mechanical time, stress, few holidays etc.

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Biological Time

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-an organisms internal awarness of time
-TIme is the rhythm of the living organism
-How does Las Vegas go against biological time??
**no clocks
**no windows
**lots of windows
**one menu
**pump in oxygen

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Mechanical Time

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-linear/measurable
*set to the rythm of a machine
*time is the future too
*Tied to the efficiency and to the work ethic
*artificial distinctions of time
*implications

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Cyclical Time

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-Natural/pre-modern
-Constant and returning
-real time is here and now
-Patterns of nature
*Sunrise, sunset
*tides
*season
-Implications
*Egyptian clocks-3500 BC
*Sun Temple-1250 AD
*Huygens Pendelum Clock

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Satisfactions of Work

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-creating something
-using skill
-working whole heartedly
-Using initiative and responsibility-freedom
-social contact

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Dissatisfactions of Work

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-repetitive job
-making only a small part of something
-doing useless tasks/underemployed
-feeling a sense of insecurity
-being to closely supervised

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History of Work

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The expenditure of effort to produce something
-early christians and monks: work was for serving God, for contemplating, for meditating, for surviving
-Reformation/Protestant:work was an end in itself, a calling
--Work ethic: Work became a central part in one's identity between 1600-1700's

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History of parks

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-The synergy of Central park was transformed into the National Park Movement in the late 1800's and early 1900's
-By 1900, 750 cities had parks
-Upper income families from the East Coast began to travel to Adirondacks and other forested lake areas
-The railroad provided a new transportation corridor
-protection of national parks

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Changing American Demographics

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-urbanization and suburban sprawl
-Creation and maintnence of good relationships
-Juvenile Deliquency
-Inter-group relations
Playground Movement
-The Boston Sand Gardens
--First supervised playground for children
--Built in 1885 by the Boston Women's Club
--First attempt to provide formalized leisure for children
*Joseph Lee was the father of the playground movement
*Luther Gulick:YMCA and Campfire Girls

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Aristotle's Theory of Leisure

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Believed that leisure activities were performed for their own sake. Leisure was the freedom from having to be occupied and was the necessary condition for happiness.

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work ethic

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set of values based on the moral virtues of hard work and diligence

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Melting Pot

Back 56

-A metaphor in which societies today have developed
-Immigrants from all over have come together bringing all og their cultures and ideas into one big pot, that eventually all melts together

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Feminism

Back 57

-Philosophy that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.
-Based on equal choice, freedom, and oppurtunity for women

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Immigrants

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-Autonomous
ex.amish, jewish, mormons
-voluntary immigrant
ex.cubans, haitans, and mexicans
Involuntary non-immigrant
ex. African Americans, Native American, Native Alaskans, and Native Hawaiians

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Capitalism

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-An economic system based upon private ownership of business enterprises that produce goods and services
-Individualism will lead to economic progress

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Adam Smith

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Father of capitalism
-an inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)
--self-interest is the prime motivations
--individual striving leads to common good (collective benefits)
--No regulation of the economy is best (free trade)
--capitalism is guided by "an invisible hand" (self-regulating economy)

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Adam Smith's Principles

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CONVENTIONAL WISDOM: capitalism is the enemy or obstruction of leisure because of its tendency to expand work
**The more leisure, the less progress, the more progress the less leisure-Adam Smith

Contemporary Wisdom-capitalism is good for leisure because it has productivity as its main function and has created more leisure for people and a leisure commerce sector of the economy

Front 62

Human Development Index

Back 62

-Life Expectancy
-Adult Literacy

-Per capita Gross Domestic Product: The value of all goods and services produced domestically
-The most livable countries in 2006
-#1 Norway
-The US is number 8