Legendary Performers

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1885-1941

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Jelly Roll Morton

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Jelly Roll Morton genre?

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ragtime, early jazz, pianist

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claimed to have invented jazz

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Jelly Roll Morton

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Jelly Roll's Style

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-Spanish "tinge"
-Ragtime
-Evolved into stride piano

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played in brothel in New Orleans early 20th century while living w/ grandma
-Here, influenced by Tony Jackson

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Jelly Roll Morton

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Played Minstrel Shows in American South in 1904

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Jelly Roll Morton

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In 1923, moved to Chicago, where he released commercial recordings as *piano rolls* then on record

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Jelly Roll Morton

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1868-1917 composer and pianist, born in Texas

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Scott Joplin

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"King of Ragtime"

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Scott Joplin

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Maple Leaf Rag

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-Scott Joplin: ragtime's first and most influential hit
-recording of piano roll Scott made
-rigid, classical ragtime (DOES NOT SWING)
-syncopation (when people first heard it, called it "ragged"-->ragtime)

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-taught himself to play piano, amazing at improv
-given lessons free of charge by Julius Weiss at age 11

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Scott Joplin

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Early 1970s: million-selling album of rags (incl. The Entertainer)

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Scott Joplin

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worked on railroad in Texas, left as traveling musician, took courses at George R. Smith College for Negroes in Sedalia, Missouri. Eventually went to Chicago to perform at World's Fair.

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Scott Joplin

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Moved to Sedalia, MO in 1894 and worked at Maple Leaf Club. Wrote Maple Leaf Rag and sold it to John Stark & Son (music publisher)

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Scott Joplin

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Joplin's style

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-used piano rolls
-frequent syncopation
-polka elements, some tango

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King Porter Stomp

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Jelly Roll

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Frog-I-More Rag

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Jelly Roll

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Dr. Jazz

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Jelly Roll

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Maple Leaf Rag

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Scott Joplin

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Magnetic Rag

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Scott Joplin

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Dinah

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Fats Waller

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Handful of Keys

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Fats Waller

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Georgia on My Mind

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Fats Waller

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St. Louis Blues

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Bessie Smith

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Take Me For a Buggie Ride

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Bessie Smith

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Dinah

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Ethel Waters

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Memories of You

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Ethel Waters

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Taking a Chance on Love

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Ethel Waters

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Them There Eyes

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Billie Holiday

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God Bless the Child

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Billie Holiday

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The Entertainer

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Scott Joplin

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Strange Fruit

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Billie Holiday

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Fats Waller's Style

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-florid, frilly (UNLIKE Jelly)
-plays all over keyboard (Honey Suckle Rose)
-powerful left hand
-*STRIDE* piano
-Jazz improv
-played organ w/ 3 keyboards and 2 foot pedals

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Honey Suckle Rose

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Fats Waller

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played piano when he went with his mom to clean houses, somewhat miraculously picked out tunes he had heard at church

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Scott Joplin

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John Stark published his works and gave him a royalty at the Maple Leaf Club

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Scott Joplin

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First *composer* of Jazz

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Scott Joplin

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ragtime form

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lefthand=rigid
right hand=syncopation (rag)
form of European march

AABBACCDD

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James P. Johnson=profound influence on who?

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Fats Waller

-took him in after mom's death, great stride player and heavy influence

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learned skills at "rent parties" (charged people admittance)
-much like contests among players

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Fats Waller

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moved to Cincinnati because they had a clear channel radio station. On radio, he began to sing, supporters said he sold out because he became popular, went from artist to entertainer.

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Fats Waller

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Trademark: bit of scat at the end of almost every song, became national phenomenon

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Fats Waller

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Your Feet's Too Big

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Fats Waller

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Jitterbug Waltz

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Fats Waller

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Fat and Greasy

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Fats Waller

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Black & Blue

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Fats Waller

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Myth: not allowed into concert because of skin color and left on porch to die

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Bessie Smith

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The Blues

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-developed during 19th c. by blacks in southern U.S.
-Europeanization of American folk form
-12 measures: tonic, subdominant, and dominant
-three four measure phrases
-classic blues text: A A B pattern

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became obsessed w/ writing largescale ragtime opera, finally staged Treemonisha, which was flawed and not well received.

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Scott Joplin

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Stride Piano

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a style of playing in which the left hand plays a fast "oom-pah, oom-pah" rhythm, accenting beats 1 and 3.
-florid, swinging right hand over a solid constant rhythm in the left
-associated w/ Fats Waller

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Assoc: Louis Chauvin

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Scott Joplin

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Assoc: Scott Hayden

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Scott Joplin

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Assoc: Art Marshall

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Scott Joplin

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Assoc: John Stark

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Scott Joplin

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Grew up in Harlem, father was pastor of Baptist church

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Fats Waller

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5/21/04-12/15/43

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Fats Waller

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played piano at age 6, won talent contests playing James P. Johnson's Carolina Shout. Johnson became his mentor

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Fats

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mother died when he was 16, married, had a son, and was diorced. on one occasion sent to jail by ex-wife for failing to keep up paying alimony

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Fats Waller

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featured in orchestra of the broadway show, "Keep Shufflin"

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Fats Waller

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Collaborated with Andy Razaf to write the revue, "Hot Chocolates," starring Louis Armstrong.
-He sold all his rights to Hot Chocolates for $500

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Fats Waller

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sold songs to Fletcher Henderson for the price of some hamburgers

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Fats Waller

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hosted a show on WLW-I in Cincinnati as staff pianist.

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Fats

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Ain't Misbehavin'

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Fats Waller

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Assoc: Herman Autrey

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Fats Waller

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Assoc: Fletcher Henderson

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Fats Waller

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Assoc: Andy Razaf

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Fats Waller

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Assoc: Bill Basie

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Fats Waller

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One of 7 children, orphaned at age 7, sang in the streets

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Bessie Smith

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discovered by Ma Rainey, toured w/ her tent show "Rabbit's Foot Minstrels"

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Bessie Smith

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Worked on black actor's vaudeville circuit TOBA

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Bessie Smith

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formed her own Liberty Belles revue in 1918

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Bessie Smith

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4/15/1894 in Chatanooga-9/26/37 in MS

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Bessie Smith

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Missed opportunity to make the first blues recording in history because of her bad temper and crudeness

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Bessie Smith

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Recording exec. Frank Walker signed her to contract; her records said to save Columbia records from bankruptcy

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Bessie Smith

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first record, Down Hearted Blues, sold 800,000 copies in 6 months. for the most part *limited* her performances to black artists

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Bessie Smith

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made short film: st. Louis Blues in 1929 and continued to tour w/ blues guitarist, Lonnie Johnson

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Bessie Smith

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Persuaded to record again by John Hammond

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Bessie Smith

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died of injuries in car accident while touring

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Bessie Smith

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raped, married at 13 and forced to work as a maid

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Ethel Waters

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"Sweet Mama Stringbean"

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Ethel Waters

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10-3-02 in PA-9/1/77 in LA

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Ethel Waters

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Made records in NY for the Black Swan label

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Ethel Waters

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Toured w/ Fletcher Henderson as pianist

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Ethel Waters

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Encouraged by colleague Earl Dancer to refine style and accept offers to play in white vaudeville

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Ethel Waters

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Won a role in all-white Broadway production "On with the Show"

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Ethel Waters

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Selected for the cast of Irving Berlin's show "As Thousands Cheer," in which she introduced 'Heat Wave' and 'Supper Time'

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Ethel WatersEthel Waters

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Accepted role in Mamba's Daughters and won highest critical acclaim. Also performed in "Cabin in the Sky," and "Pinky"

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Ethel Waters

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Best achievement on Broadway was in "Member of the Wedding," awarded NY Drama Critics Award

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Ethel Waters

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Autobiography became a best seller in 1951 and appeared as Beulah in the TV comedy by the same name.

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Ethel Waters

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Joined the Billy Graham Crusade as a featured vocalist

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Ethel Waters

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Assoc: Count Basie

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Billie Holiday

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Born 4/7/15 in Baltimore-7/17/59 in NY

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Billie Holiday

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Awful childhood: forced to scrub floors, worked in a brothel, raped, cruel punishments, until she moved to NY and became singer/dancer at the Log Cabin Club in 1920-21

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Billie Holiday

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"Lady Day" b/c of unwillingness to indulge in crudities of other dancers-somewhat snobbish

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Billie Holiday

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Discovered by John Hammond-signed to first contract in 1933. First recordings feature band headed by Benny Goodman

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Billie Holiday

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Made dozens of records w/ amazing jazz artists, usually w/ Teddy Wilson

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Billie Holiday

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Joined Count Basie Band and moved to Artie Shaw's group

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Billie Holiday

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appeared as a maid in unfortunate musical film "New Orleans"

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Billie Holiday

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Sent to prison for long time heroin addiction, followed by failed engagements, bad marriage, drug problems. Arrested again 2 years later.

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Billie Holiday

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Never had a record "on the charts" but called the "most important influence on American pop singing in the 40s and 50s"

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Billie Holiday