Leg And Popliteal Fossa

Front 1

Popliteal fossa boundaries

Back 1

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius medial head
Gastrocnemius lateral head
Biceps femoris

Front 2

What drains the medial side of the foot and leg?

Back 2

Great saphenous v.

Front 3

Depth of the structures: nerve, artery and v. in the popliteal fossa?

Back 3

related to each other
Popliteal a. deepest
Vein is Intermediate
Nerve is most superficial

Front 4

What drains the lateral leg?

Back 4

small saphenous vein

Front 5

What passes through the cuboid bone groove?

Back 5

Flexor longus tendon?

Front 6

Nerves that branch off of the Sciatic n. in the popliteal fossa?

Back 6

Tibial n.
Peroneal n. (common fibular n.)
...

Front 7

Anterior compartment of the leg
innervation

Back 7

deep fibular n.

Front 8

Posterior compartment of the leg
innervation

Back 8

Tibial n.

Front 9

Posterolateral surface of skin in posterior leg
Innervation

Back 9

sural n. and lateral sural cutaneous n.

Front 10

what does dynamic stability of the arch of the foot

Back 10

the fibularis longus

Front 11

Innervation of Lateral leg?

Back 11

Peroneal n.
AKA - Superficial fibular n.

Front 12

What are the retinacula restricting the fibularis longus and brevis?

Back 12

Superior fibular retinacula
inferior fibular retinacula

Front 13

Most common Nerve in leg that is injured?
What does it innervate?

Back 13

Common Fibular Nerve (peroneal)
deep - Anterior compartment and wedge between 1st and 2nd digit on skin

Front 14

Blood supply to the leg

Back 14

lateral compartment of the leg receives its blood supply from the perforating branches of the posterior tibial artery proximally, and by perforating branches of the fibular (peroneal) artery distally.
Fibular a. branches from the tibial a.

Front 15

Anterior Leg Muscles
name
action
Blood supply
innervation

Back 15

Tibialis anterior dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Extensor hallucis longus extends the great toe

Extensor digitorum longus extends the lateral 4 digits

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius aids in eversion & dorsiflexion of foot

Blood supply is from the anterior tibial artery

All are innervated by the deep fibular nerve and all dorsiflex the foot at the ankle

Front 16

What restrains the tendons in the anterior compartment of leg

Back 16

Extensor retinacula

Front 17

Where does the anterior tibial a. come from? passes through what?

Back 17

Comes from the popliteal a.
passes through interosseous membrane

Front 18

what does the ant. tibial a. become in the foot?

Back 18

The anterior tibial artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery, which passes between the 1st & 2nd metatarsal bones into the plantar surface of the foot.

Front 19

What is lost with a common nerve injury to the lower limb?

Back 19

The nerve is the fibular n. injury
There is an inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot
Steppage Gait - flex hip and knee joint while walking

Front 20

Muscles of anterior compartment
innervation

Back 20

Tibialis anterior -strongest dorsiflexor and inverter of the foot
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

All innervated by deep fibular nerve

Front 21

Where does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve end?

Back 21

Lateral sural cutaneous n.
ends more proximally and laterally

Front 22

Superficial posterior leg muscles?
innervation

Back 22

Gastrocnemius muscle (medial and lateral heads) arise from the posterior superior surface of the femoral condyles

Soleus arises from the tibia (soleal line) and fibula

Plantaris arises from the lateral supracondylar line

The 3 muscles attach to the posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon and they plantar flex the foot at the ankle.
Gastrocnemius and plantaris also flex the knee.

Front 23

Deep posterior Compartment
Muscles

Back 23

Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Popliteus

Front 24

Popliteus muscle - action and location

Back 24

The popliteus muscle weakly flexes the knee, but its more important action on the knee is to “unlock” the knee. When the foot is firmly on the ground, it unlocks the leg by rotating the femur laterally on the fixed tibia
in contrast when the femur is fixed, the muscle unlocks knee by rotating the tibia medially on the femur

Floor of popliteal fossa

Front 25

hallicus

Back 25

Great toe - big toe

Front 26

Flexor digitorum longus
Location
Innervation
Action

Back 26

add other muscles of deep posterior compartment

Front 27

Flexor hallicus longus tendon transverses what? Is it deep or superficial to tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Back 27

Traverses the groove of talus
groove of calcaneus bone
FHL - deep to FDL

Front 28

Posterior most tendon in the foot?

Back 28

Flexor Hallicus longus

Front 29

Atherosclerosis of the leg
Symptoms

Back 29

Arterial occlusive disease caused by atherosclerosis can cause

aching and cramping pain in the calves during exertion (walking and running)

pain relieved by rest and is termed intermittent claudication

ischemia and hypoxia for demanding muscle

AKA - Peripheral vascular disease

Front 30

Varicose veins -
cause
outcome
More common in men or women?

Back 30

Incompetent valves can lead to varicose veins

Incompetent valves put more pressure on distal valves and can cause them to fail.

This leads to the superficial veins becoming dilated and tortuous

This condition is more common in women then men and is often made worse during pregnancy