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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bronchopneumonia is more prevalent in what population
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terminally ill patients
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gross findings of bronchopneumonia
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tan-yellow consolidations
remaining lung is red |
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patchy consolidation of lung
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bronchopneumonia
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bronchopneumonia occurs in which areas of the lung
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dependent and posterior portions
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micro findings in bronchopneumonia
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alveoli filled with neutrophilic exudate
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4 stages of lobar pneumonia
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congestion
red hepatization gray hepatization resolution |
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congestion stage of lobar pneumonia
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early organization of intra-alveolar exudate
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red hepatization stage of lobar pneumonia
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congested septal capillaries
extensive PMN exudation into alveoli |
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gray hepatization stage of lobar pneumonia
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lower lobe is uniformly consolidated
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population at increased risk of rapidly progressive TB
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HIV patients
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primary cells infected by TB
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macrophages
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how is TB spread
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inhalation of organisms
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primary TB infects what part of lungs
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lower part of upper lobe
upper part of lower lobe |
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secondary TB occurs where in lung
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apical pleura
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gross findings in secondary TB
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gray white caseation and multiple areas of softening and cavitation bilaterally in apical area
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Ghon complex
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parenchymal lung lesion + lymph node involvement
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Ranke complex
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calcified and fibrosed ghon complex
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secondary TB
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reactivation of old lesion
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x ray findings in TB
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consolidations seen in upper lungs
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what causes miliary TB
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spread of TB from lymphatics to the heart and systemic circulation
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gross lung findings in miliary TB
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yellow-white areas of consolidation scattered through lung parenchyma
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two components of COPD
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emphysema
chronic bronchitis |
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alveolar wall destruction hypothesis of COPD
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imbalance between proteases and antiprotease
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pathogenesis of COPD
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mild chronic inflammation
increase in activated inflammatory cells and damage to lungs |
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clinical findings in asthma
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recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, cough
especially at night/early morning |
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pathogenesis of asthma
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genetic predisposition to type I HSR (atopy)
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two types of asthma
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extrinsic
intrinsic |
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extrinisic asthma response it primarily mediated by which immune cell
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Th2
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model for allergic (extrinsic) asthma
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inhaled allergen elicits Th2 response
IgE and eosiniphil recruitment |
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acute/immediate asthmatic response is mediated by what cell
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mast cell
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late phase asthma reaction is mediated by what cell
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leukocyte
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two types of asbestos
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serpentine
amphibole |
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most important part of asbestosis diagnosis
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patient work history
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type of asbestos particle that is associated with mesothelioma
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amphibole
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gross findings in asbestosis
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diffuse interstitial fibrosis with asbestos bodies
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asbestos bodies apperance
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golden brown, fusiform of beaded rods
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micro findings in asbestosis
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fibrous pleural plaques composed of layers of collagen
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most common manifestation of asbestos exposure
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pleural plaque
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stain used to see asbestos fibers
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iron stain
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what exudes from lungs in silicosis
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milky fluid
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DISEASE TO LOOK FOR WHEN PRESENTS LIKE SILICOSIS
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right PAP (pulmonary alveolar proteinosis)
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occupations with high risk of silicosis
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sandblasters
foundry workers stone cutters miners |
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hemosiderin laden macs are indicative of what disease
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hemodynamic pulmonary edema
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most common mechanism of hemodynamic pulmonary edema
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increased hydrostatic pressure (left sided CHF)
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cause of pulmonary emboli
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venous emboli from deep leg thrombi
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most frequent cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension
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cardioplumonary conditions
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cause of primary pulmonary
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idiopathic or 6% AD genetics
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two types of pleural effusion
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inflammatory
noninflammatory |
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most common cause of hydrothorax
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cardiac failure/ bilateral
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causes of hemothorax
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aortic aneurysm
vascular trauma |
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transudate versus exudate
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exudate has high protein concentration
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causes of increased hydrostatic pressure
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CHF
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causes of vascular permeability
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pneumonia
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causes of decreased osmotic pressure
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nephrotic syndrome
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causes of increased intrapleural negative pressure
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atelectasis
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causes of decreased lymphatic drainage
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mediastinal carcinomatosis
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causes of pleural effusion
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increased hydrostatic pressure, vascular permeability, and intrapleural negative pressure
decreased osmotic pressure and lymphatic drainage |
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xray findings in pleural effusions
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loss of bilateral costophrenic angles
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