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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the cranial fossa and its respected brain region that goes with it? |
anterior fossa and frontal lobe, middle fossa and temporal lobe, posterior fossa and cerebellum and brainstem |
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Name the 3 layers of meninges of brain in order from most inner to outer |
Pia, arachnoid, dura |
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Name the 3 spaces created by the meninges from most inner to outer |
subarachnoid b/t arachnoid and pia, subdural b/t dura and arachnoid , epidural b/t dura and inner skull |
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What parts of the brain that make up the ventricular system? |
Telencephalon surrounds lateral ventricle, Diencephalon surrounds 3rd ventricle, mesencephalon surrounds cerebral aqeuduct , cerebellum and pons along with metencephalon and myelencephalon surround fourth ventricle |
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Borders of lateral ventricle medially, laterally and floow |
lateraly caudate nucleus, medial the fornix, corpus callosum, septum pellicidum, floor thalamus |
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what is glomus? |
large clump of choroid plexus (calcification) in the lateral ventricle |
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Borders of 3rd ventricle anteriorly, posteriorly, and floor |
anterior white commissure and lamina terminalis, post commissure, optic chiasm and infundibulum |
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What are some causes of the cerebral aqueduct obstruction? |
infection , hemorrage, tumors |
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what are some S&S of tumor of choroid plexus at the interventicular foramen? |
enlargment of lateral ventricle, increased ICP (vomiting, lethargy, headache, papilledema) |
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What is the purpose of the CSF? What does it contain? and describe the normal characteristics of CSF? |
protect and nourish the brain, contains proteins and immunoglobolins, and it is clear and colorless |
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When doing a 3 tube test what determines traumatic tap from subarachnoid hemorrage? |
traumatic tap 1st tube contains blood, second has little blood and the 3rd doesnt, but in subarachnoid hemorrage all 3 tubes have blood |
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What does elevated protein in the CSF reffer to? |
syphilis or meningitis |
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describe the relationship between the volume of brain, CSF, and venous and arterial blood? |
about the same of each to balance out so if anything increases there will be compensations |
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Explain the symptoms of increased ICP? |
nausea/vomiting, papilledema, visual loss, headache, altered mental state, diplopia (double vision), cushings triad |
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What is known as Cushings triad? and what is this result of? |
hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respiration, response to increased ICP |
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What are the 3 types of herniations and give a brief explanation of each? |
transtentorial (herniation through the tentorial notch-uncus), tonsillar (herniation of cerebral tonsils in the cerebellum), central (herniation of centrally and downward) |
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Explain the S&S of tentorial herniation |
coma, "blown" pupil (ipsilaterally in 85% of cases, oculomotor affected), hemiplegia, |
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Explain the S&S of tonsillar herniation |
compression of medulla (respiratory arrest, BP instability, and death) |
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Explain the S&S of central herniation |
caused by a lesion that affects abducens nerve, large lesion can cause more damage |
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Describe the S&S of head trauma |
loss of consciousness "seeing stars", headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, amnesia |
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Describe the difference between retro and anterograde amnesia |
retrograge is forgetting something you learned in the past, anterograde is inability build new memoreis so they have the inability to recall the recent past events |
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Name the different types of hematoma |
Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracerebral |
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Causes of epidural hematoma |
rupture of the middle meningeal artery d/t fracture of temporal bone |
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Causes of subdural hematoma |
rupture of the bridging veins [acute (after injury) and chronic (atrophy of brain] |
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Causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage |
non-traumatic - (worst headache ever)rupture of arterial aneurysm, traumatic - severe headache d/t meningeal irritation |
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Causes of intracranial hemorrhage |
traumatic - coup/countercoup non-traumatic - hypertensive hemorrhage |
