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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Subjective changes that are not apparent to an malais. Example: malaise |
Symptoms |
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Objective changes that physician can observe and measure |
Sign |
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Group of sign and symptoms that accompany a disease |
Syndrome |
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Any disease that spreads from one host to another. Example: chickenpox, measles, genital herpes, TB |
Communicable |
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Disease that are easily spread from one person to another. Chickenpox & measles |
Contagious |
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Do not spread from one host to another. Example: clostridium tetani |
Non-communicable |
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Number of people in a population who develop a disease during a particular time period |
Incidence |
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Number of people in a population who develop a disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appear ( both old & new) |
Prevalence |
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Occurs occasionally |
Sporadic |
Occurrence of disease. Base on frequency |
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Constantly present in a population |
Endemic |
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Many people in a given are acquire a disease in a relatively short period of time |
Epidemic |
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Epidemic disease that occurs worldwide |
Pandemic |
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Develops rapidly & last only a short period ( influenza) |
Acute |
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Develops more slowly, body's reaction is less severe, continue or recur for long period ( infectious mononucleosis, TB, HEPA B) |
Chronic |
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Intermediate between acute and chronic ( panencephalitis) |
Subacute |
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Causative agent remain inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of a disease (shingles) |
Latent |
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Invading microbes are limited to a relatively small area of the body ( boils and abscess) |
Local infection |
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Microorganisms and their products are spread throughout the body by the blood or lymph ( measles) |
Systemic/ generalized infection |
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Local infection ( teeth, tonsil, sinuses) that enter the blood or lymph & spread to specified parts of the body where they are confined to specific areas of the body |
Focal infection |
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Acute infection that causes initial illness |
Primary infection |
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Caused by opportunistic pathogen after the primary infection has weakened the body depended (PcP) |
Secondary infection |
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Does not cause noticeable illness ( polio virus, HEPA A) |
Subclinical |
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Interval between the Initial infection and the first appearance of sign & symptoms which depend upon pathogenicity and immunity |
Incubation period |
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Relatively short period that is characterized by early, mild, symptoms of disease |
Prodormal period |
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-Disease is severe in which the host exhibits overt sign and symptoms -WBC may increase and decrease - ACME- peak of illness intensity |
Period of illness |
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Sign and symptoms subside |
Period of decline |
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Person regains strength and body returns to prediseased states |
Period of convalescence |
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Close physical contact between the source of disease and a susceptible host ( sexual contact) |
Direct contact |
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Involves transmission of fomites ( inanimate objects) |
Indirect contact |
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Transmission via droplet nuclei ( mucus droplets) in coughing or sneezing, laughing or taking |
Droplet transmission |
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Transmission by a medium such as water, food or air |
Vehicle transmission |
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Cary pathogens from one host to another by both mechanical and biological transmission |
Arthropod transmission |
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Passive transport fr a vector's feet or other body parts |
Mechanical |
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Reproduction of pathogen in a vector and transmission in saliva and feces |
Biological |
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Acquired as a result of a hospital stay |
Nosocomial infections |
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Impairs phgocytosis by producing chemical |
Capsules |
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Heat and acid- resistant component of streptococcus pyogenes that helps the organism to resist phagocytosis of the WBC |
M protein |
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Found in neisseria gonorrhoeae |
Opa protein |
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Waxy lipid that makes up the cell wall of mycobaxterium tuberculosis |
Mycolic acid |
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Producef by some staphylococci, forms clot that protect them from phagocytosis |
Coagulase |
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Produce by streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus ( breakdown fibrin) |
Kinases |
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Produced by streptococci and clostria. |
Hyaluronidase |
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Produced by clostridium species w/c breaks down collagen thus facilitates spread is gas gangrene |
Collagenes |
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Produced by neisseria gonorrhoeae & N. Meningitis which destroys IgA antibodies |
IgA proteases |
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- ability of the pathogen to alter its antigens, thud they become unaffected by the antibodies produced by the body ( influenza virus, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trypanosoma brucei gambiense) |
Antigenic variation |
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The major protein of the cytoskeleton |
Actin |
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Actin filaments of the cytoskeleton |
Invasins |
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Glycoprotein which bridges the junctions in order for the bacteria to move from cell to cell |
Cadherin |
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Protein secreted by the pathogens to obtained free iron |
Siderophores |
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Poisonous substances produced by microorganisms |
Toxins |
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Capacity to produce toxins |
Toxigenicity |
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Presence of toxins in the blood |
Toxemia |
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Depended present at birth which are always present and available for rapid responses; no memory response |
Innates |
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Based on specific response to a specific microbes once a microbes has breached the innate immunity depenses |
Adaptive |
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Vulnerabillity or lack of immunity |
Susceptibility |
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Cardinal signs Rubor |
Redness |
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Cardinal signs Pallor |
Pain |
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Cardinal signs Calor |
Heat |
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Cardinal signs Tumor |
Swelling |
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Cardinal signs Function leasa |
Loss of function |
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Intense inflammatory response, cause is removed for a relatively short period |
Acute inflammation |
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Cause is impossible or difficult to remove, inflammation response is longer lasting but less intense |
Chronic inflammation |
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