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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First Aid is the immediate assistance, care or treatment given to a person (Casualty) who is injured or suddenly becomes ill. |
Is the Immediate assistance or trestment given to someone before the arrival of medical staff/ amb |
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What is First Aid? |
FIRST -preceding all others in time or order AID- to provide with what is useful or necessary |
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The person who provides this help is called "First aider or First aide or First Responder" |
It does not take the place of proper medical treatment. i.e. before the arrival of the ambulance |
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The chain of survival is a series of steps which give the best chance of survival from a cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating). |
1- Early Recognition and call for Help: Early contact should be made to the emergency services after a cardiac arrest is recognized. |
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2- Early CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started immediately after a cardiac arrest has occurred (i.e. the patient has stopped breathing or no pulse). |
3- Early Defibrillation: A defibrillator is an electrical device which delivers a shock to the heart in order to correct any abnormal electrical activity which has caused the cardiac arrest & restart the heart. |
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4- Early Hospital Care: Appropriate advanced post-resuscitation care in a hospital is essential to improving long term survival for the patient (restore quality of life). |
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Aims of a first aide: 3P |
Preserve Life Prevent Worsening Promote Recovery |
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Preserving life: |
1) Control bleeding 2) Treat probable cause of shock 3) Maintain airway in correct position 4) Perform CPR when needed (no breathing or pulse) |
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Prevent condition from worsening: |
Give PRIORITY to Life-threatening Conditions. - Treat multiple injuries in order of priority. |
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Give PRIORITY to Life-threatening Conditions. |
Asphyxia Bleeding Cardiac arrest Shock |
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Immediate Care Conditions |
• Lack of Airway • Lack of Breathing • Lack of Pulse Suspected Spinal Injury • Shock |
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Promote recovery |
1) Relieve casualty from anxiety [Reassure] 2) Attempt to relieve pain Pain Relief 3) Handle casualty gently |
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Principles of Flrst Ald |
1) Assessing the situation quickly and caimly. 2) Calling for Help or Ambulance. |
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3) Protecting yourself and casualties from danger. "Never Put Yourself at danger |
4) Providing help to the casualty without discrimination to sex, nationality, religion, beliefs, class or political opinion. |
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5) Assessing the casualty; identify, as best as you can, the injury or nature of illness affecting the casualty. |
6) Carefully apply Early and Appropriate First Aid care. "Start with the most serious (life-threatening conditions) first" DO NOT attempt to do anything that you are not trained to do for the purpose of not making the case worse. |
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7) Prevention of Contamination: > It is important to protect yourself and the casualty from infection. Take steps to avoid Cross Infection. |
ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES When dealing with blood or body fluids |
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Minimizing the Risk of Cross Infection: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): > 1.Wear Mask, Gloves (or plastic bag). Do not touch a wound with your bare hands. 2.Wear a plastic apron if dealing with large quantities of body fluids |
3. Wear eye goggles to protect eyes against splashes. 4.Cover any cuts (skin wounds) in your hands with waterproof dressings. 5.Avoid direct contact with blood. 6.If your eyes, nose, mouth or any wound is splashed by the casualty's Blood, Wash thoroughly with soap and water. |
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Take care NOT To prick yourself with any sharp objects found near the casualty. |
Use a face shield or mask with one-way-valve for "mouth-to-mouth ventilation". DON'TS First Aider can never > Prescribe Medicine > Declare DEATH |
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After Treatment: |
Dispose off dressing, bandage, gloves safely. Wash hands with soap and water |
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Characteristics of a Good First Aider |
1- Calm. 2- Confident. 3- Observant. 4- Resourceful 5- Patient. 6- Gentle. 7-Tactful. |
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Key Steps to being an Effective First Aider |
FIRST KEY: Be Calm In an Emergency situation, the body responds by releasing hormones that may cause a "Fight or Flight Response". When this happens: Your heart beats faster Your breathing quickens You may sweat more. You may also feel more alert or want to RUN away. |
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2) Second KEY: Be Aware of Risks (Hazards) |
TYPE of HAZARDS you may find: 1- Chemical hazard (Toxic gases, Sterilants & Corrosives]. 2- Physical hazard (Radiation). 3) Electrical hazard. 4Ground hazard. 5) FIRE. |
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Third KEY: Building Up Trust (from the casualty & the bystanders) |
Approaching the casualty Casualties are often frightened because of what is happening to them, & what might happen next. Your role is to stay calm & take charge of the situation. |
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BUILD UP TRUST with your Casualty by: Talk with casualty throughout your Examination & Treatment. 1) Make Eye Contact: (introducing yourself). No Stare. 2) Greet by name. Treat the casualty with dignity and respect. |
3) Kneel down so that you are at the same height as the casualty. 4) Explain (what you are going to do before you do it). Try to answer questions honestly. If you do not know the answer, say so. 5) Continue to Reassure, talk to the casualty and hold his or her hand. |
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Communication Skills: |
3.Voice Use a Calm, Confident voice that is load enough to be heaird, But Do Not Shout. 2. Speed > Do Not speak too quickly. 1.Language Keep instructions simple: use short sentences & simple words. |
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*Use affirming "nods and mms' to show you are listening when the casualty speaks. * Check that the casualty understands what you mean ask to make sure. |
* Do Not interrupt the casualty but always acknowledge what you are told; for example; summarize what a casualty has told you to show that you understand. |
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If the Casualty refuses Help |
The Casualty's right. Do not argue or disagree; Explain actions intended. Dial 997 and report facts. Stay at a safe distance and observe until allowed. |
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4) Fourth KEY: Using By- standers |
Invite By-Standers to: Get first-aid equipment. Provide physical care, psychological support. Make the area safe. Maintain the casualty's privacy. Not let people crowd the scene. Transport the casualty. |
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5) Fifth KEY: Priority of Care Triage |
Triage is the process of determining the priority of patients' treatments based on the severity of their condition. aiming at giving priority of care to those who have the BEST Chance of Survival |
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Simple Triage |
Simple triage is usually used in a "Mass- casualty incident" (MCI), in order to sort patients into: #Those who need critical attention and immediate transport to the hospital # Those with less serious injuries. |
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Triage Color Codes |
1. Red Resuscitation (0min) 2.Orange Urgent (15min) 3.Yellow Less urgent 60 min 4. Green Sufrgans (180mi Upon completion of the initial assessment by paramedical personnel, each patient may be labelled to identify the priority of the patient's need for medical treatment and transport from the emergency scene. |
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1.Red Color: Highest Priority. Need Immediate care (Resuscitation) 0 minutes e.g. cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, severe bleeding, shock, severe pain, Spinal cord injury IMMEDIATE immediate care/ life-threatening 2.Orange Color: URGENT 15 minutes. e.g. major head injury, severe burns, compound fractures, snake poisoning, severe asthma attack. Urgent |
Yellow Color: Less Urgent Less Urgent, can delay up to 60 minutes. e.g. simple fractures, minor burns, insect bites. Can delay up to 60 minutes (1 hour) Green Color: Lowest priority 180 minutes. Those with minor injuries e.g. (cuts, lacerations, sprain, strain). Not Urgent Dead or those most likely to die (Deadly injuries) BLACK - deceased |
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6) Sixth KEY: Call Appropriate Help (Call for 997) |
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