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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Synovial joints
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Articulate bones separated by fluid filled joint cavity
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Skeletal muscle
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Each muscle attached to bone or other connective tissue at a minimum of 2 pairs
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Origin
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Muscle attachment to immovable bone
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Insertion
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Muscle attachment to movable bone
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How does movement occur?
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When muscles contract across joints and insertion moves towards origin
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Types of synovial joint movements
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Flexion-Extension
Dorsiflexion-Plantar flexion Abduction-Adduction Supination-Pronation Protaction-Retraction Elevation-Depression Circumduction Rotation |
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Where do flexion and extension occur?
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Neck, hip, knee, shoulder, elbow
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Flexion
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Bending that decreases joint angle
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Flexion
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Bending that decreases joint angle
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Extension
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Bending that increases joint angle
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Hyperextension
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Bending in an extension beyond straightened position
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Dorsiflexion
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Superior surface of foot approaches shin
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Plantar flexion
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Pointing of toes
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Where can abduction and adduction happen?
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Neck, shoulder, hip
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Abduction
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Moving away. Lateral movement
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Adduction
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Moving medially towards body
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Supination
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Turning backwards - can hold a cup of soup
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Pronation
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Turning forward
Radius moves across ulna so bones form an X |
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Protraction and retraction
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Refer to the mandible
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Protraction and retraction
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Refer to the mandible
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Protraction
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Anterior movement in transverse plane
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Retraction
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Posterior movement in transverse plane
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Elevation and depression
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Mandible chewing is elevated and depressed
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Elevation and depression
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Mandible chewing is elevated and depressed
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Elevation
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Lift body part superiorly
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Elevation and depression
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Mandible chewing is elevated and depressed
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Elevation
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Lift body part superiorly
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Depression
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Lift body part inferiorly
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Circumduction
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Circular limb movement
Circum - around Duco - to draw |
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Rotation
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Bone turns on its own axis
Neck and hip |
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Hinge jpints
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Similar to mechanical hinge
Cylindrical projection of bone fits into another Single plane |
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Pivot jponts
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Rounded end of one bone protrudes into ring of bone of another
Only uniaxial rotation around bones own axis Ex. Atlas and dens of axis |
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Condyloid joints
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Knuckle like
Oval articulating surface of one bone fits into depression of another Both surfaces are oval All angular movements possible Ex. Radiocarpal joint |
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Condyloid joints
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Knuckle like
Oval articulating surface of one bone fits into depression of another Both surfaces are oval All angular movements possible Ex. Radiocarpal joint |
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Bone and socket joint
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Spherical head of one bone articulates with cup like socket of another
Most freely moving of the synovial joints Ex. Shoulder and hip joints |
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Homeostatic imbalances of hoints
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Sprains
Cartilage injuries Dislocations (luxation) Arthritis |
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Homeostatic imbalances of hoints
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Sprains
Cartilage injuries Dislocations (luxation) Arthritis |
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Sprain
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Ligaments reinforcing joint are stretched or torn
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Cartilage injuries
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Tearing of cartilage (knee menisci)
Slow to heal |
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Dislocations (luxation)
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Bones forced out of alignment, Sprains, inflammation also common
Ex. Knee and shoulder |
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Dislocations (luxation)
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Bones forced out of alignment, Sprains, inflammation also common
Ex. Knee and shoulder |
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Arthritis
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100 plus types of degenerative diseases that damage joints
Damaged cartilage and bone exposed |
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Fibula
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Articulates with tibia dust ally and proximally
Does not bear weight Lateral malleolus-distal end lateral budge of ankle: articulates with talus |
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Foot
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Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Supports body weight Lever to propel body forward during movement |
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Tarsal bones
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7 tarsal bones
2 largest, most posterior are talus or ankle which articulates with tibia and fibula Calcaneus "heel bone" |
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