Lecture Material & Plant Families For Exam2

Front 1

CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Carnation-"pink family")

Back 1

1)Herbaceous, 70gen/2200spp
2)Opposite leaves, swollen nodes
3)Floral parts actinomorphic;in fives; free-central placentation (sometimes basal); 5 sepals, 5 petals (consists of blade & claw), 10 stamens, 2-5 fused superior carpels; no betalain pigments.
4)Fruit-capsule (dehiscent).

Front 2

CARYPHYLLACEAE (Carnation-"Pink family")

Back 2

1)Herbaceous, 70gen/2200spp
2)Opposite leaves, swollen nodes
3)Floral parts actinomorphic;in fives; free-central placentation (sometimes basal); 5 sepals, 5 petals (consists of blade & claw), 10 stamens, 2-5 fused superior carpels; no betalain pigments.
4)Fruit-capsule (dehiscent).

Front 3

CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Carnation-"pink family")

Back 3

1)Herbaceous, 70gen/2200spp
2)Opposite leaves, swollen nodes
3)Floral parts actinomorphic;in fives; free-central placentation (sometimes basal); 5 sepals, 5 petals (consists of blade & claw), 10 stamens, 2-5 fused superior carpels; no betalain pigments.
4)Fruit-capsule (dehiscent).

Front 4

CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Carnation-"pink family")

Back 4

1)Herbaceous, 70gen/2200spp
2)Opposite leaves, swollen nodes
3)Floral parts actinomorphic;in fives; free-central placentation (sometimes basal); 5 sepals, 5 petals (consists of blade & claw), 10 stamens, 2-5 fused carpels; no betalain pigments.
4)Fruit-capsule (dehiscent).

Front 5

CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Carnation-"pink family")

Back 5

1)Herbaceous, 70gen/2200spp
2)Opposite leaves, swollen nodes
3)Floral parts actinomorphic;in fives; free-central placentation (sometimes basal); 5 sepals, 5 petals (consists of blade & claw), 10 stamens, 2-5 fused superior carpels; no betalain pigments.
4)Fruit-capsule (dehiscent).

Front 6

CARYOHPHYLLACEAE (Carnation-"pink family")

Back 6

1)Herbaceous, 70gen/2200spp
2)Opposite leaves, swollen nodes
3)Floral parts actinomorphic;in fives; free-central placentation (sometimes basal); 5 sepals, 5 petals (consists of blade & claw), 10 stamens, 2-5 fused superior carpels; no betalain pigments.
4)Fruit-capsule (dehiscent).

Front 7

CARYOHPHYLLACEAE(Carnation-"pink family")

Back 7

1)Herbaceous, 70gen/2200spp
2)Opposite leaves, swollen nodes
3)Floral parts actinomorphic;in fives; free-central placentation (sometimes basal); 5 sepals, 5 petals (consists of blade & claw), 10 stamens, 2-5 fused superior carpels; no betalain pigments.
4)Fruit-capsule (dehiscent).

Front 8

A group in the tricolpates (and name two groups w/in it) that is characterized by:
1)presence of Betalain pigments(most red or purple)which are nitrogen-containing in this group
2)have free-central (or sometimes basal) placentation
3)have perisperm tissue in the seed (derived from the ovule wall(2n)), as nutritive tissue (although double fertilization does take place).
4)have anomalous secondary growth, multiple vascular cambia. ex: beets.
5)embryo is curved completely around the seed in a tight coil.
6)sieve-tube plastids of "p-type."
7)have succulent thick fleshy tissues
8)halophytes-"salt plants"

Back 8

Caryophyllidae:
1)Caryophyllales
2)Polygonales

Front 9

1)All new world (a couple reps in Africa), 90 gen/1400spp
2)Succulent stems
3)Leaves are in form of spines, clusters of them called areoles-lateral buds; the modified leaves themselves are the glochidia (spines).
4)Flowers are actinomorphic; have many tepals and stamens together on a hypanthium; inferior ovary, 3-many fused carpels.
5)Fruit-berry.

Back 9

CACTACEAE (Cactus)

Front 10

PORTULACACEAE (Purslane)

Back 10

1)Herbaceous, not monophyletic b/c it does not include the cactaceae, 19gen/500spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate, sometimes succulent, most common in fleshy leaves
3)Flowers are actinomorphic, have two bracts that form on both sides called "sepals" although the flowers have 5 (or many) tepals, petals and stamens in fives (or many; 2-3 fused superior carpels.
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 11

PORTULACAECEAE (Purslane)

Back 11

1)Herbaceous, not monophyletic b/c it does not include the cactaceae, 19gen/500spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate, sometimes succulent, most common in fleshy leaves
3)Flowers are actinomorphic, have two bracts that form on both sides called "sepals" although the flowers have 5 (or many) tepals, petals and stamens in fives (or many; 2-3 fused superior carpels.
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 12

PORTULACACEAE (Purslane)

Back 12

1)Herbaceous, not monophyletic b/c it does not include the cactaceae, 19gen/500spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate, sometimes succulent, most common in fleshy leaves
3)Flowers are actinomorphic, have two bracts that form on both sides called "sepals" although the flowers have 5 (or many) tepals, petals and stamens in fives (or many; 2-3 fused superior carpels.
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 13

POLYGONACEAE (Buckwheat)

Back 13

1)Herbs or small shrubs, in tropics may be trees; common in N. America; 40gen/1000spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate
3)Sheathing base made of stipules called "ocrea"
4)Flowers are actinomorphic; parts in 3's; 3 fused superior carpels;no betalains (not part of Caryophyllales)
5)Fruit-achene or nutlet

Front 14

A large group of the tricolpates that includes the Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Salicaceae, and Violaceae families along with Rosaceae.

Back 14

Rosidae

Front 15

POLYGONACEAE (Buckwheat)

Back 15

1)Herbs or small shrubs, in tropics may be trees; common in N. America; 40gen/1000spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate
3)Sheathing base made of stipules called "ocrea"
4)Flowers are actinomorphic; parts in 3's; 3 fused superior carpels;no betalains (not part of Caryophyllales)
5)Fruit-achene or nutlet

Front 16

POLYGONACEAE (Buckwheat)

Back 16

1)Herbs or small shrubs, in tropics may be trees; common in N. America; 40gen/1000spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate
3)Sheathing base made of stipules called "ocrea"
4)Flowers are actinomorphic; parts in 3's; 3 fused superior carpels;no betalains (not part of Caryophyllales)
5)Fruit-achene or nutlet

Front 17

POLYGONACEAE (Buckwheat)

Back 17

1)Herbs or small shrubs, in tropics may be trees; common in N. America; 40gen/1000spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate
3)Sheathing base made of stipules called "ocrea"
4)Flowers are actinomorphic; parts in 3's; 3 fused superior carpels;no betalains (not part of Caryophyllales)
5)Fruit-achene or nutlet

Front 18

POLYGONACEAE (Buckwheat)

Back 18

1)Herbs or small shrubs, in tropics may be trees; common in N. America; 40gen/1000spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate
3)Sheathing base made of stipules called "ocrea"
4)Flowers are actinomorphic; parts in 3's; 3 fused superior carpels;no betalains (not part of Caryophyllales)
5)Fruit-achene or nutlet

Front 19

POLYGONACEAE (Buckwheat)

Back 19

1)Herbs or small shrubs, in tropics may be trees; common in N. America; 40gen/1000spp
2)Leaves simple & alternate
3)Sheathing base made of stipules called "ocrea"
4)Flowers are actinomorphic; parts in 3's; 3 fused superior carpels;no betalains (not part of Caryophyllales)
5)Fruit-achene or nutlet

Front 20

SALICACEAE (Willow)

Back 20

1)2gen/435 spp; Vegetative reproduction performed (w/o use of seeds) by shoots that expand/root out. Branches may drift off into stream and take root along banks.
2)Leaves simmple, have Salicoud teeth, alternate.
3)Flowers are in modified catkins (many small flowers prob w/o petals, sepals); dioecious (sep male and female plants); hairy bract at base of each flower; no perianth;have a nectary that are considered to be a modified calyx; superior ovary, 2-4 fused carpels.
4)Fruit-capsules, hairy seeds that are wind dispersed.

Front 21

SALICACEAE (Willow)

Back 21

1)2gen/435 spp; Vegetative reproduction performed (w/o use of seeds) by shoots that expand/root out. Branches may drift off into stream and take root along banks.
2)Leaves simmple, have Salicoud teeth, alternate.
3)Flowers are in modified catkins (many small flowers prob w/o petals, sepals); dioecious (sep male and female plants); hairy bract at base of each flower; no perianth;have a nectary that are considered to be a modified calyx; superior ovary, 2-4 fused carpels.
4)Fruit-capsules, hairy seeds that are wind dispersed.

Front 22

SALICACEAE (Willow)

Back 22

1)2gen/435 spp; Vegetative reproduction performed (w/o use of seeds) by shoots that expand/root out. Branches may drift off into stream and take root along banks.
2)Leaves simmple, have Salicoud teeth, alternate.
3)Flowers are in modified catkins (many small flowers prob w/o petals, sepals); dioecious (sep male and female plants); hairy bract at base of each flower; no perianth;have a nectary that are considered to be a modified calyx; superior ovary, 2-4 fused carpels.
4)Fruit-capsules, hairy seeds that are wind dispersed.

Front 23

VIOLACEAE (Violets)

Back 23

1)Primarly of tropical trees & secondarily of temperate herbs; 22gen/950spp
2)leaves simple, cordate
3)Flower actinomorphic;parts in 5's; 3 fused superior carpels; polypetalous; the open flowers are "chasmogamous," the stamens have a nectary at the base,there is a nectar spur that is part of a petal that shoots back in the oppostite direction; the closed flowers that are always closed self pollinate in the bud and are "cleistogamous."

Front 24

VIOLACEAE (Violet)

Back 24

1)Primarly of tropical trees & secondarily of temperate herbs; 22gen/950spp
2)leaves simple, cordate
3)Flower actinomorphic;parts in 5's; 3 fused superior carpels; polypetalous; the open flowers are "chasmogamous," the stamens have a nectary at the base,there is a nectar spur that is part of a petal that shoots back in the oppostite direction; the closed flowers that are always closed self pollinate in the bud and are "cleistogamous."

Front 25

SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage)

Back 25

1)All herbaceous;30gen/500spp
2)Leaves tend to be in a basal rosette w/ palmate veination
3)Flowers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); parts in 5's; carpels partially connate, 2 fused, variance in superiority, tremendous variation b/c of the hypanthium.
4)Fruit-bilocular capsule.

Front 26

SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage)

Back 26

1)All herbaceous;30gen/500spp
2)Leaves tend to be in a basal rosette w/ palmate veination
3)Flowers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); parts in 5's; carpels partially connate, 2 fused, variance in superiority, tremendous variation b/c of the hypanthium.
4)Fruit-bilocular capsule.

Front 27

SAXIFRACEAE (Saxifrage)

Back 27

1)All herbaceous;30gen/500spp
2)Leaves tend to be in a basal rosette w/ palmate veination
3)Flowers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); parts in 5's; carpels partially connate, 2 fused, variance in superiority, tremendous variation b/c of the hypanthium.
4)Fruit-bilocular capsule.

Front 28

SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage)

Back 28

1)All herbaceous;30gen/500spp
2)Leaves tend to be in a basal rosette w/ palmate veination
3)Flowers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); parts in 5's; carpels partially connate, 2 fused, variance in superiority, tremendous variation b/c of the hypanthium.
4)Fruit-bilocular capsule.

Front 29

SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage)

Back 29

1)All herbaceous;30gen/500spp
2)Leaves tend to be in a basal rosette w/ palmate veination
3)Flowers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); parts in 5's; carpels partially connate, 2 fused, variance in superiority, tremendous variation b/c of the hypanthium.
4)Fruit-bilocular capsule.

Front 30

SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage)

Back 30

1)All herbaceous;30gen/500spp
2)Leaves tend to be in a basal rosette w/ palmate veination
3)Flowers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); parts in 5's; carpels partially connate, 2 fused, variance in superiority, tremendous variation b/c of the hypanthium.
4)Fruit-bilocular capsule.

Front 31

SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage)

Back 31

1)All herbaceous;30gen/500spp
2)Leaves tend to be in a basal rosette w/ palmate veination
3)Flowers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); parts in 5's; carpels partially connate, 2 fused, variance in superiority, tremendous variation b/c of the hypanthium.
4)Fruit-bilocular capsule.

Front 32

ACERACEAE (Maple)

Back 32

1)many plants originated in tropics and evolved into plants in northern temperate zones; shrubs, woody; 2gen/115spp
2)Opposite leaves
3)Leaves palmately veined, usually lobed
4)Flowers 4-5 parts, nectary disk @ base stamens; monoecious, dioecious, or androdioecious.
5)Fruit-2 fused carpels, schizocarp, winged.

Front 33

ACERACEAE (Maple)

Back 33

1)many plants originated in tropics and evolved into plants in northern temperate zones; shrubs, woody; 2gen/115spp
2)Opposite leaves
3)Leaves palmately veined, usually lobed
4)Flowers 4-5 parts, nectary disk @ base stamens; monoecious, dioecious, or androdioecious.
5)Fruit-2 fused carpels, schizocarp, winged.

Front 34

ACERACEAE (Maple)

Back 34

1)many plants originated in tropics and evolved into plants in northern temperate zones; shrubs, woody; 2gen/115spp
2)Opposite leaves
3)Leaves palmately veined, usually lobed
4)Flowers 4-5 parts, nectary disk @ base stamens; monoecious, dioecious, or androdioecious.
5)Fruit-2 fused carpels, schizocarp, winged.

Front 35

BRASSICACEAE/Cruciferae (Mustard)

Back 35

1)Herbs; 400+gen/4000+spp; have glucosinolates
2)Flowers very uniform; calyx/corolla in 4's; stamens 4 long & 2 short "tetradynamous," although the Capparaceae placed inside this family has 6 stamens of equal length; superior ovary, 2 fused carpels.
3)Fruit- some long and slender "silique", some short and wide "silide" both called a "replum"

Front 36

BRASSICACEAE/Cruciferae (Mustard)

Back 36

1)Herbs; 400+gen/4000+spp; have glucosinolates
2)Flowers very uniform; calyx/corolla in 4's; stamens 4 long & 2 short "tetradynamous," although the Capparaceae placed inside this family has 6 stamens of equal length; superior ovary, 2 fused carpels.
3)Fruit- some long and slender "silique", some short and wide "silide" both called a "replum"

Front 37

BRASSICACEAE/Cruciferae (Mustard)

Back 37

1)Herbs; 400+gen/4000+spp; have glucosinolates
2)Flowers very uniform; calyx/corolla in 4's; stamens 4 long & 2 short "tetradynamous," although the Capparaceae placed inside this family has 6 stamens of equal length; superior ovary, 2 fused carpels.
3)Fruit- some long and slender "silique", some short and wide "silide" both called a "replum"

Front 38

BRASSICACEAE/Cruciferae (Mustard)

Back 38

1)Herbs; 400+gen/4000+spp; have glucosinolates
2)Flowers very uniform; calyx/corolla in 4's; stamens 4 long & 2 short "tetradynamous," although the Capparaceae placed inside this family has 6 stamens of equal length; superior ovary, 2 fused carpels.
3)Fruit- some long and slender "silique", some short and wide "silide" both called a "replum"

Front 39

BRASSICACEAE/Cruciferae (Mustard)

Back 39

1)Herbs; 400+gen/4000+spp; have glucosinolates
2)Flowers very uniform; calyx/corolla in 4's; stamens 4 long & 2 short "tetradynamous," although the Capparaceae placed inside this family has 6 stamens of equal length; superior ovary, 2 fused carpels.
3)Fruit- some long and slender "silique", some short and wide "silide" both called a "replum"

Front 40

BRASSICACEAE/Cruciferae (Mustard)

Back 40

1)Herbs; 400+gen/4000+spp; have glucosinolates
2)Flowers very uniform; calyx/corolla in 4's; stamens 4 long & 2 short "tetradynamous," although the Capparaceae placed inside this family has 6 stamens of equal length; superior ovary, 2 fused carpels.
3)Fruit- some long and slender "silique", some short and wide "silide" both called a "replum"

Front 41

BRASSICACEAE/Cruciferae (Mustard)

Back 41

1)Herbs; 400+gen/4000+spp; have glucosinolates
2)Flowers very uniform; calyx/corolla in 4's; stamens 4 long & 2 short "tetradynamous," although the Capparaceae placed inside this family has 6 stamens of equal length; superior ovary, 2 fused carpels.
3)Fruit- some long and slender "silique", some short and wide "silide" both called a "replum"

Front 42

ONAGRACEAE (Evening Primrose)

Back 42

1)Herbs;mostly in N. America
2)Leaves alternate & opposite & whorled.
3)Flowers 4 parted; inferior ovary; anthers versatile with the pollen in tetrads and viscin holding it together; 4 carpels
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 43

MALVACEAE (Mallow)

Back 43

1)Most herbs; 200gen/2000spp; stellate/branched hairs
2)Leaves palmately lobed/veined
3)Flowers 5 parted perianth; stamens many (sometimes 5), monodelphous; 5 fused superior carpels
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 44

MALVACEAE (Mallow)

Back 44

1)Most herbs; 200gen/2000spp; stellate/branched hairs
2)Leaves palmately lobed/veined
3)Flowers 5 parted perianth; stamens many (sometimes 5), monodelphous; 5 fused superior carpels
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 45

MALVACEAE (Mallow)

Back 45

1)Most herbs; 200gen/2000spp; stellate/branched hairs
2)Leaves palmately lobed/veined
3)Flowers 5 parted perianth; stamens many (sometimes 5), monodelphous; 5 fused superior carpels
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 46

MALVACEAE (Mallow)

Back 46

1)Most herbs; 200gen/2000spp; stellate/branched hairs
2)Leaves palmately lobed/veined
3)Flowers 5 parted perianth; stamens many (sometimes 5), monodelphous; 5 fused superior carpels
4)Fruit-capsule

Front 47

GERANIACEAE (Geranium)

Back 47

1)Herbs to subshrubs; hairs simple, glandular; 7gen/750spp
2)Leaves palmately veined, alt or opp, simple, lobed or compound
3)Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or bilateral; 5 parted perianth; stamens 10-15; 5 fused superior connate carpels(long-beaked), axile placentation, sterile column in center that elongates after fertilization, 1 style, ovules 2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp w/ 5 one-seeded segments

Front 48

GERANIACEAE (Geranium)

Back 48

1)Herbs to subshrubs; hairs simple, glandular; 7gen/750spp
2)Leaves palmately veined, alt or opp, simple, lobed or compound
3)Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or bilateral; 5 parted perianth; stamens 10-15; 5 fused superior connate carpels(long-beaked), axile placentation, sterile column in center that elongates after fertilization, 1 style, ovules 2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp w/ 5 one-seeded segments

Front 49

GERANIACEAE (Geranium)

Back 49

1)Herbs to subshrubs; hairs simple, glandular; 7gen/750spp
2)Leaves palmately veined, alt or opp, simple, lobed or compound
3)Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or bilateral; 5 parted perianth; stamens 10-15; 5 fused superior connate carpels(long-beaked), axile placentation, sterile column in center that elongates after fertilization, 1 style, ovules 2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp w/ 5 one-seeded segments

Front 50

GERANIACEAE (Geranium)

Back 50

1)Herbs to subshrubs; hairs simple, glandular; 7gen/750spp
2)Leaves palmately veined, alt or opp, simple, lobed or compound
3)Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or bilateral; 5 parted perianth; stamens 10-15; 5 fused superior connate carpels(long-beaked), axile placentation, sterile column in center that elongates after fertilization, 1 style, ovules 2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp w/ 5 one-seeded segments

Front 51

GERANIACEAE (Geranium)

Back 51

1)Herbs to subshrubs; hairs simple, glandular; 7gen/750spp
2)Leaves palmately veined, alt or opp, simple, lobed or compound
3)Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or bilateral; 5 parted perianth; stamens 10-15; 5 fused superior connate carpels(long-beaked), axile placentation, sterile column in center that elongates after fertilization, 1 style, ovules 2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp w/ 5 one-seeded segments

Front 52

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 52

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 53

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 53

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 54

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 54

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 55

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 55

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 56

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 56

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 57

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 57

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 58

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 58

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 59

ROSACEAE (Rose)

Back 59

1)Woody or herbaceous; 95gen/3000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple, serrate, alternate; stipules which are evident in herbs.
3)Flowers actinomorphic; uniform, almost always a hypanthium; 5 sepals & petals; 1-many fused carpels (varying superiority); stamens many;
4)Fruit-follicle, capsule, achene or druplet, drupes, or pome.

Front 60

FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Pea)

Back 60

1)Mostly tropical trees, desert trees/shrubs, temperate zones, herbs; nitrogen fixing bacteria in symbiotic rltnship; 650gen/18,000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately or palmately compound, entire, have stipules
3)Flowers typically zygomorphic; perianth parts typically in 5's; 10-many stamens; one superior carpel; papillionoideae "flag flower" is bilateral and has 9+1 stamen (diadelphous) where the lower petals (the keel) are connate and there are also wing and banner petals; Caesalpinoideae is like the flag flowers but the keel is not fused and all 10 stamens are unfused; mimosoideae-"brush flowers", actinomorphic, many stamens, stigmas much extended and tiny corolla.

Front 61

FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Pea)

Back 61

1)Mostly tropical trees, desert trees/shrubs, temperate zones, herbs; nitrogen fixing bacteria in symbiotic rltnship; 650gen/18,000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately or palmately compound, entire, have stipules
3)Flowers typically zygomorphic; perianth parts typically in 5's; 10-many stamens; one superior carpel; papillionoideae "flag flower" is bilateral and has 9+1 stamen (diadelphous) where the lower petals (the keel) are connate and there are also wing and banner petals; Caesalpinoideae is like the flag flowers but the keel is not fused and all 10 stamens are unfused; mimosoideae-"brush flowers", actinomorphic, many stamens, stigmas much extended and tiny corolla.

Front 62

FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Pea)

Back 62

1)Mostly tropical trees, desert trees/shrubs, temperate zones, herbs; nitrogen fixing bacteria in symbiotic rltnship; 650gen/18,000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately or palmately compound, entire, have stipules
3)Flowers typically zygomorphic; perianth parts typically in 5's; 10-many stamens; one superior carpel; papillionoideae "flag flower" is bilateral and has 9+1 stamen (diadelphous) where the lower petals (the keel) are connate and there are also wing and banner petals; Caesalpinoideae is like the flag flowers but the keel is not fused and all 10 stamens are unfused; mimosoideae-"brush flowers", actinomorphic, many stamens, stigmas much extended and tiny corolla.

Front 63

FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Pea)

Back 63

1)Mostly tropical trees, desert trees/shrubs, temperate zones, herbs; nitrogen fixing bacteria in symbiotic rltnship; 650gen/18,000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately or palmately compound, entire, have stipules
3)Flowers typically zygomorphic; perianth parts typically in 5's; 10-many stamens; one superior carpel; papillionoideae "flag flower" is bilateral and has 9+1 stamen (diadelphous) where the lower petals (the keel) are connate and there are also wing and banner petals; Caesalpinoideae is like the flag flowers but the keel is not fused and all 10 stamens are unfused; mimosoideae-"brush flowers", actinomorphic, many stamens, stigmas much extended and tiny corolla.

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FABACEAE/LEGUMINOSAE (Pea)

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1)Mostly tropical trees, desert trees/shrubs, temperate zones, herbs; nitrogen fixing bacteria in symbiotic rltnship; 650gen/18,000spp
2)Leaves usually pinnately or palmately compound, entire, have stipules
3)Flowers typically zygomorphic; perianth parts typically in 5's; 10-many stamens; one superior carpel; papillionoideae "flag flower" is bilateral and has 9+1 stamen (diadelphous) where the lower petals (the keel) are connate and there are also wing and banner petals; Caesalpinoideae is like the flag flowers but the keel is not fused and all 10 stamens are unfused; mimosoideae-"brush flowers", actinomorphic, many stamens, stigmas much extended and tiny corolla.

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EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge)

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1)Herbs, shrubs, trees or succulent like cacti; milky latex->dermatitis;
2)Leavesthe spines dont sit in groups of glochids like cacti
3)Flowers are reduced, actinomorphic, unisexual; infloresence =fals flower (pseudanthium); stamens 1-many; carpels 3 fused, 3-lobed superior ovary, axile placentation, 3 styles, entire or bifid to several times divided, ovules 1-2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp into 3 segments

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EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge)

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1)Herbs, shrubs, trees or succulent like cacti; milky latex->dermatitis;
2)Leavesthe spines dont sit in groups of glochids like cacti
3)Flowers are reduced, actinomorphic, unisexual; infloresence =fals flower (pseudanthium); stamens 1-many; carpels 3 fused, 3-lobed superior ovary, axile placentation, 3 styles, entire or bifid to several times divided, ovules 1-2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp into 3 segments

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EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge)

Back 67

1)Herbs, shrubs, trees or succulent like cacti; milky latex->dermatitis;
2)Leavesthe spines dont sit in groups of glochids like cacti
3)Flowers are reduced, actinomorphic, unisexual; infloresence =fals flower (pseudanthium); stamens 1-many; carpels 3 fused, 3-lobed superior ovary, axile placentation, 3 styles, entire or bifid to several times divided, ovules 1-2 per locule
4)Fruit-schizocarp into 3 segments

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ERICACEAE (Heather)

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1)Mostly shrubs, some trees and herbs, mycotrophic (aform of parasitism); 130gen/2700spp
2)Leaves mostly simple and often tough and leathery, some "evergreen"
3)Flwers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); perianth 5-parted; stamens usually 10 & poricidal dehiscence; usually urn-shaped and have buzz pollination; usually 3-5 fused.
4)Fruits-berries, capsules

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ERICACEAE (Heather)

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1)Mostly shrubs, some trees and herbs, mycotrophic (aform of parasitism); 130gen/2700spp
2)Leaves mostly simple and often tough and leathery, some "evergreen"
3)Flwers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); perianth 5-parted; stamens usually 10 & poricidal dehiscence; usually urn-shaped and have buzz pollination; usually 3-5 fused.
4)Fruits-berries, capsules

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ERICACEAE (Heather)

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1)Mostly shrubs, some trees and herbs, mycotrophic (aform of parasitism); 130gen/2700spp
2)Leaves mostly simple and often tough and leathery, some "evergreen"
3)Flwers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); perianth 5-parted; stamens usually 10 & poricidal dehiscence; usually urn-shaped and have buzz pollination; usually 3-5 fused.
4)Fruits-berries, capsules

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ERICACEAE (Heather)

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1)Mostly shrubs, some trees and herbs, mycotrophic (aform of parasitism); 130gen/2700spp
2)Leaves mostly simple and often tough and leathery, some "evergreen"
3)Flwers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); perianth 5-parted; stamens usually 10 & poricidal dehiscence; usually urn-shaped and have buzz pollination; usually 3-5 fused.
4)Fruits-berries, capsules

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ERICACEAE (Heather)

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1)Mostly shrubs, some trees and herbs, mycotrophic (aform of parasitism); 130gen/2700spp
2)Leaves mostly simple and often tough and leathery, some "evergreen"
3)Flwers actinomorphic (some zygomorphic); perianth 5-parted; stamens usually 10 & poricidal dehiscence; usually urn-shaped and have buzz pollination; usually 3-5 fused.
4)Fruits-berries, capsules

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POLEMONIACEAE (Phlox)

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1)Mostly in N. America, some in S.; almost all herbs; 16gen/320spp
2)Leaves simple and alternate typically, sometimes opp &/or dissected.
3)Flowers 5parted, and the 5 stamens alternate w/ petals, unequal insertion of stamens in the epipetalous arrangement; 3 fused carpels with 3 styles; translucent membrane that connects tubing in calyx
4)Fruit-typically a capsule

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POLEMONIACEAE (Phlox)

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1)Mostly in N. America, some in S.; almost all herbs; 16gen/320spp
2)Leaves simple and alternate typically, sometimes opp &/or dissected.
3)Flowers 5parted, and the 5 stamens alternate w/ petals, unequal insertion of stamens in the epipetalous arrangement; 3 fused carpels with 3 styles; translucent membrane that connects tubing in calyx
4)Fruit-typically a capsule

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POLEMONIACEAE (Phlox)

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1)Mostly in N. America, some in S.; almost all herbs; 16gen/320spp
2)Leaves simple and alternate typically, sometimes opp &/or dissected.
3)Flowers 5parted, and the 5 stamens alternate w/ petals, unequal insertion of stamens in the epipetalous arrangement; 3 fused carpels with 3 styles; translucent membrane that connects tubing in calyx
4)Fruit-typically a capsule

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POLEMONIACEAE (Phlox)

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1)Mostly in N. America, some in S.; almost all herbs; 16gen/320spp
2)Leaves simple and alternate typically, sometimes opp &/or dissected.
3)Flowers 5parted, and the 5 stamens alternate w/ petals, unequal insertion of stamens in the epipetalous arrangement; 3 fused carpels with 3 styles; translucent membrane that connects tubing in calyx
4)Fruit-typically a capsule

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POLEMONIACEAE (Phlox)

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1)Mostly in N. America, some in S.; almost all herbs; 16gen/320spp
2)Leaves simple and alternate typically, sometimes opp &/or dissected.
3)Flowers 5parted, and the 5 stamens alternate w/ petals, unequal insertion of stamens in the epipetalous arrangement; 3 fused carpels with 3 styles; translucent membrane that connects tubing in calyx
4)Fruit-typically a capsule

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CORNACEAE (Dogwood)

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1)trees or shrubs
2)Leaves opp & simple (rarely alt); secondary veins arching from base to tip
3)Flowers in infloresence terminal w/ enlarged showy bracts; sepals and petals 4; ovary inferior

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CORNACEAE (Dogwood)

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1)trees or shrubs
2)Leaves opp & simple (rarely alt); secondary veins arching from base to tip
3)Flowers in infloresence terminal w/ enlarged showy bracts; sepals and petals 4; ovary inferior

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CORNACEAE (Dogwood)

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1)trees or shrubs
2)Leaves opp & simple (rarely alt); secondary veins arching from base to tip
3)Flowers in infloresence terminal w/ enlarged showy bracts; sepals and petals 4; ovary inferior

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CORNACEAE (Dogwood)

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1)trees or shrubs
2)Leaves opp & simple (rarely alt); secondary veins arching from base to tip
3)Flowers in infloresence terminal w/ enlarged showy bracts; sepals and petals 4; ovary inferior

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CORNACEAE (Dogwood)

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1)trees or shrubs
2)Leaves opp & simple (rarely alt); secondary veins arching from base to tip
3)Flowers in infloresence terminal w/ enlarged showy bracts; sepals and petals 4; ovary inferior

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CORNACEAE (Dogwood)

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1)trees or shrubs
2)Leaves opp & simple (rarely alt); secondary veins arching from base to tip
3)Flowers in infloresence terminal w/ enlarged showy bracts; sepals and petals 4; ovary inferior

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

Back 97

1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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BORAGINACEAE (Forget-me-not)

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1)mostly herbaceous, in tropics, woody and trees and shrubs; 134gen/2650spp
2)leaves covered in hispid hairs (stiff & prickly), mostly simple (sometimes deeply divided)
3)Infloresence consists of a coil that uncoils as it opens, there is the "scorpioid cyme" (alt sort of branching) and the one sided coil.
4)corollas often have a 'corona'; inserted or exerted stamens; two style and one lobe or one style and 'four' lobes (w/ false septum)

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SOLANACEAE (Nightshade)

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1)mostly herbaceous; have alkaloids
2)Leaves alt, simple (some deeply divided)
3)Flowers actinomorphic(sometimes zygomorphic); anthers not exserted; stigma is capitate; 2 fused carpels with many ovules
4)Fruits-berries or capsules

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SOLANACEAE (Nightshade)

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1)mostly herbaceous; have alkaloids
2)Leaves alt, simple (some deeply divided)
3)Flowers actinomorphic(sometimes zygomorphic); anthers not exserted; stigma is capitate; 2 fused carpels with many ovules
4)Fruits-berries or capsules

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SOLANACEAE (Nightshade)

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1)mostly herbaceous; have alkaloids
2)Leaves alt, simple (some deeply divided)
3)Flowers actinomorphic(sometimes zygomorphic); anthers not exserted; stigma is capitate; 2 fused carpels with many ovules
4)Fruits-berries or capsules

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SOLANACEAE (Nightshade)

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1)mostly herbaceous; have alkaloids
2)Leaves alt, simple (some deeply divided)
3)Flowers actinomorphic(sometimes zygomorphic); anthers not exserted; stigma is capitate; 2 fused carpels with many ovules
4)Fruits-berries or capsules

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SOLANACEAE (Nightshade)

Back 103

1)mostly herbaceous; have alkaloids
2)Leaves alt, simple (some deeply divided)
3)Flowers actinomorphic(sometimes zygomorphic); anthers not exserted; stigma is capitate; 2 fused carpels with many ovules
4)Fruits-berries or capsules

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APOCYNACEAE

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1)milky juice
2)leaves generally opposite
3)Flowers are often with a corona; anthers highly modified and fused to "stigma"=gynostegium w/ "pollinia"; 2 distinct carpels @ base but styles fused at top

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APOCYNACEAE

Back 105

1)milky juice
2)leaves generally opposite
3)Flowers are often with a corona; anthers highly modified and fused to "stigma"=gynostegium w/ "pollinia"; 2 distinct carpels @ base but styles fused at top

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APOCYNACEAE

Back 106

1)milky juice
2)leaves generally opposite
3)Flowers are often with a corona; anthers highly modified and fused to "stigma"=gynostegium w/ "pollinia"; 2 distinct carpels @ base but styles fused at top