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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What nutrition does fish contain?
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Protein - high quality and digestible, rich in essential amino acids. 15-20g protein per 100g. Fat - 20% oil in flesh e.g salmon and sardines. Lean fish has 1-2%. Main source of omega 3 fatty acids. |
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UK consumption of fish
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Global average (total available fish/world population) - 18kg of fish per capita worldwide UK fish consumption at 7.5kg. Salmon highest at 68,000T, tuna 59,000T. 3/4 of UK do not eat fish regularly Fish consumption highest in Oceania and Latin America compared to Europe. 16% increase in UK fish consumption from 2000-2005. 25.7% increase in oily fish consumption to 3.33kg/capita |
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Fish spoilage
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Enzymes have optimum temperature depending on sea temperature - fish rapidly spoils if not chilled (continued enzyme activity and gut bacteria). Proteins break down to peptides, amino acids and amines Bacterial build up can lead to production of toxins within cell walls of bacteria |
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Vitamins and minerals in fish
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Oily fish rich in: Vitamin A - vision, reproduction Vitamin D3 - absorption of calcium and phosphorous Vitamin E - prevents LDL oxidation by free radicals Vitamin B complexes e.g. B12 - metabolism of carbohydrates and formation of RBCs Iodine, selenium, calcium, phosphorous, iron, shellfish have high zinc. |
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The lipids found in fish
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Depends on type of fish, time of year and feed. High energy feeds increase carcass fat, high fat in farmed feeds due to lower activity e.g. samonoids Salmon lipid content is average 16%. Lower Omega 3 (DHA and EPA) in those fed with vegetable oil. Cod and haddock have low lipid content in muscle (so little omega 3 as muscle lipids high in this)- store fat in liver |
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Role of fish lipids in human health
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Iodine and long chain PUFA necessary for CNS growth and development. Poor conversion of linoleic and linolenic acid to long chain Omega 3. Most people should have ideal ratio of 3:1 omega 6:3 - it is often 20:1. Ratio increased due to industrial farming - omega 6 found in sunflower, soya and maize oil. |
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Health benefits of long chain omega fatty acids
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Protective against CVD Beneficial effects in IBD (chrohn's and ulcerative colitis) Higher intake could prevent rheumatoid arthritis Correcting omega 3 (DHA) deficit in infants could improve visual and cognitive functions. Also benefits ADHD, depression and Alzeimers. |
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Cancer and Omega 3
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Protective against rectal, breast and prostate cancers. Helps to reduce muscle loss in cancer sufferers. DHA and EPA contribute to maintenance of normal cardiac function, brain function and vision. LC omega 3 fatty acids are readily oxidised so must be protected with antioxidants. |
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Global requirements of fish consumption
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Currently only 1/7th of world population consume enough fish - other 6 billion need to increase intake to 250mg/day for circulatory, heart and cognitive functions. 91g per person per year Would require 546,000 tonnes of fish oil or increased fish supply |
