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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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estuary
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enclosed waters with separate inflows of freshwater and tidal seawater
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euryhaline organisms
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tolerate wide salinity range; good at osmotic regulation
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salt wedge
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freshwater floats on top of more dense seawater
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picnocline
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sharp density gradient; contributes to formation of salt wedges
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flocculation
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coagulation of detritus, causing it to sink as precipitate at picnocline --> nutrient trap
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river mouth estuaries
(Ventura River) |
year-round freshwater runoff; occasional flooding
cobble or sandbar brackish water; mixohaline water on bottom no salt marsh |
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canyon mouth estuaries
(Malibu Lagoon, Devereux Slough) |
incised, parallel canyons
variable flushing rates low species diversity, great bird fauna |
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bay estuaries
(Newport Back Bay, San Diego Bay, Bolsa Chica, Tijuana) |
large areas of subtidal habitat
low elevation salt marsh strong tidal flushing and marine influence eel grass, cord grass, pickleweed, glasswort, salt grass rich fauna |
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fauna supported by Tijuana Estuary (5 types);
(FBCS) |
40 fish species
28 bivalves 25 crustaceans (19 crabs and shrimp) 18 snails |
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structural bay estuaries
(Goleta, Carpinteria) |
formed by down-faulted or down folded (synclinal) areas
occasional catastrophic flooding and sedimentation lack subtidal habitat and low marshes rich fish fauna |
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estuary functions (5);
(FWASH) |
Food chain/support, nutrient cycling
Water quality enhancement Anthropocentric values (fisheries, shellfish havens Shoreline protection Habitat |
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hypersaline conditions
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greater shift in salt concentration
Mediterranean climate |
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threats to estuaries (6);
(Good Dogs Don't Chew Annie's Apparel) |
Global warming (rising sea level)
Damming Diversion (reduction of freshwater flow) Channelization Altercation of flow cycles by development Altering ocean flushing |
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tidal flushing benefits (5)
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Sediment influx/removal
Nutrient influx/export Flushing toxins and wastes Regulate sediment redox potential, drain soil Sediment salinity check |
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vascular plant _____________ is characteristic in salt marshes
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zonation
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amount of original coastal marine wetlands lost in CA
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91%
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how much of marine wetlands remain in SF bay
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lost 95%, 50 sq. miles out of original 850 remain
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Wetlands cover ____% of world's land area and contribute ____% plant productivity
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3.5%, 6%
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Freshwater wetlands contribute _____% N flux and _____% global flux of methane to atmosphere
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50%, 30%
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ontogenetic migrations
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growth from egg --> postlarvae --> juveniles --> adults made across different habitats
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clapper rail nests in ______________
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cordgrass (Spartina foliosa)
tidal mudflat interface |
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Eutrophication leads to salt marsh loss through: (4)
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Reduced belowground biomass
Increased aboveground biomass Lower root:shoot ratios Conversion to mudflat by slumping (reduced vegetation) |
