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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the frequencey of a sound wave is related to the perceived _____
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pitch
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the human auditory system is most sensitive to what range of frequencies?
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1-5 kHz
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the amplitude of a sound wave is related to the perceived ______
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loudness
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what 2 muscles protect from loud sounds?
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stapedius & tensor tympani
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the stapes footplate displaces what?
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the round window membrane via the fluid of the inner ear
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what has a higher acoustic impedance, fluid or air?
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fluid (incompressible, more resistant to force)
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the area of the tympanic membrane is _____ times the area of the oval window
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25
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what are the 3 chambers of the cochlear canal?
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scala tympani (outer contours), scala vestibuli (inner contours), and scala media (cochlear duct)
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the cell bodies of the primary afferents that innervate the organ of corti are located where?
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spiral ganglia
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which 2 chambers contain perilymph?
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scala tympani and scala vestibuli
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the basilar membrane separates which 2 compartments?
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scala media & scala tympani
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the vestibular membrane separates which 2 compartments
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scala media & scala vestibuli
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high frequencies produce max vibration where in the cochlear duct?
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at the base, closer to the stapes
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low frequencies produce max vibration where in the cochlear duct?
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at the apex, farther from the stapes
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what is the basilar membrane like at its apex?
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wide & floppy, low frequencies
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what is the basilar membrane like at its base?
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narrow & thick, high frequencies
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what are the primary transducers of the auditory system?
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hair cells
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what does the stria vascularis do?
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maintains high K+ in the scala media endolymph
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what is the main difference between auditory hair cells and vestibular hair cells?
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auditory hair cells don't have kinocilium
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how many rows of outer hair cells?
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3
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how many rows of inner hair cells?
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1
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the tectorial membrane is attached to what?
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spiral limbus
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the basilar membrane is attached to what nearest the modiolus?
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osseous spiral lamina
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hair cells produce what type of potential?
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graded receptor potential
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what are the 2 types of outward K+ currents in the basal hair cell?
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1. voltage sensitive K+ delayed rectifier
2. Ca2+ sensitive K+ channel |
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what innervates auditory hairy cells along their basilar membranes?
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spiral ganglion cells
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the auditory primary afferents are what types of neurons?
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bipolar
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what is the plot of the amplitude of sound in decibels required to produce a detectable response versus the frequency of the sound stimulus?
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tuning curve
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T/F: a single fiber is most sensitive to a characteristic frequency
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true
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the range of stimulus frequencies for which a fibers is excitable is very _______
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narrow
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high frequencies are located at the (middle/perimeter) of the auditory nerve and low frequencies are located at the (middle, perimeter)
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perimeter, middle
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what is a decrease in sensitivity with continuous stimulation called?
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adaptation
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sound intensity is signaled by the ______ of action potentials per unit time
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frequency
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the cochlear nucleus is divided into what 3 sections?
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dorsal, posteroventral, and anteroventral
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what happens if there is a lesion in the lateral lemniscus?
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subtle hearing deficit in contralateral ear (not total deafness because of binaural representation)
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what is the first point in which the outputs of both ears converge?
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superior olivary complex
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the medial superior olive discriminates differences in what?
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time
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the lateral superior olive discriminates differences in what?
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intensity
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where is the primary auditory complex located?
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transverse temporal gyri of Heschl
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