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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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synarthrosis
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immovable
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amphiarthrosis
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slightly movable
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diarthrosis
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freely movable
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Ligaments
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stretch-resistant integral parts of joints composed of dense connective tissues that bind one bone to another bone
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sprain
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the forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint that stretches or tears its ligaments but does not dislocate the bones
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strain
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the stretching or partial tearing of skeletal muscle
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Fibrous joints
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synarthroses in which the neighboring bones are joined together by a solid mass of dense irregular connective tissue
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Examples of Fibrous joints
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Sutures (found only between bones of the skull)
Syndesmoses (found, for example, between the proximal and distal ends of the leg bones) Interosseous membranes (found between the paired long bones of the forearm and leg) |
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Cartilaginous joints
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synarthroses where adjacent bones are held together by a solid connective tissue mass composed of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
These joints allow little or no movement |
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Synovial joints
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possess a space called a synovial (joint) cavity that is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that connects the articulating bones
Synovial joints range from slightly movable (between carpal bones) to the most mobile joints of the body (at the shoulder). |
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Bursae
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fluid-filled saclike structures designed to reduce friction between adjacent tissues (e.g., synovial joints) which can create considerable friction
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Tendon (synovial) sheaths
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tubular-shaped bursae
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Temperomandibular joint (TMJ)
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This is the only moveable joint of the skull
It is formed from the condylar process, & the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle Anatomical components: Articular disc Articular capsule Lateral ligament Sphenomandibular ligament Movements Elevation / Depression Protraction / Retraction |
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Shoulder joint: a ball & socket joint
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It is formed from the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Anatomical components Articular cartilage Coracohumeral, glenohumeral, & transverse humeral ligaments Glenoid labrum Bursae Movements Flexion / Extension Abduction / Adduction Circumduction |
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The elbow joint
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Formed from the humeral trochlea and capitulum, the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius
Anatomical components Articular capsule Ulnar & Radial collateral ligaments Movements Flexion / Extension |
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The hip or coxal joint
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Hip joint: a ball & socket joint
It is formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip Anatomical components Articular capsule Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, and intracapsular, and transverse ligaments Acetabular labrum Movements Flexion / Extension, Abduction / Adduction, Circumduction, and Lateral / Medial rotation |
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The knee joint
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It is formed by the femoral and tibial condyles, and the patella
Anatomical components Articular capsule Medial & lateral patellar retinacula Several ligaments (7), menisci (2), and bursae (3) Movements Flexion/Extension, & slight medial/lateral rotation |
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The ankle joint
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Formed from the articulations among the lateral and medial malleoli, and the talus
Anatomical components Articular capsule Deltoid (medial) and lateral ligaments Movements Dorsiflexion / Plantar flexion |
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Factors affecting contact and range of motion at synovial joints
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Structure of the articulating surfaces
Strength and tension of joint ligaments Arrangement and tension of muscles Contact of soft parts Hormones Disuse |
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Types of movements at synovial joints
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Rotation: a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Special movements; most are opposites. Elevation / Depression Protraction / Retraction Inversion / Eversion Dorsiflexion / Plantar flexion Supination / Pronation Opposition Gliding: limited in range of movement Angular: characterized by a change in the angle between articulating bones. Flexion / Extension (opposite movements usually in a sagittal plane) Lateral flexion (movement between intervertebral joints; usually in the frontal plane) Hyperextension (extension past the anatomical plane) Abduction / Adduction (opposite movements usually in a frontal plane) Circumduction (movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle) |
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Types of synovial joints
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Planar joints
Hinge joints Pivot joints Condyloid joints Saddle joints Ball and socket joints |
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Classification of Joints
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presence of space between bones
type of connective tissue holding bones together collagen fibers cartilage joint capsule & accessory ligaments |
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joint, articulation, and arthrosis
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synonyms that refer to points of contact between two bones
Arthrology refers to the scientific study of joints |
