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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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core features of DBD
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age inappropriate actions/attitudes
violation of societal norms/rights of others several different types/pathways |
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T or F some conduct symptoms normative like arguing or defiance
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T
ie be careful when diagnosing |
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2 types of DBD
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ODD (oppositional defiant disorder)
CD (conduct disorder) |
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ODD features (3)
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angry/irritable mood
argumentative/defiant vindictiveness |
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3 characteristics of angry/irritable mood in ODD
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Often loses temper
Is often touchy or easily annoyed Is often angry or resentful |
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4 characteristics of argumentative/defiant in ODD
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-Often argues with adults
-Often actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from adults or with rules -Often deliberately annoys others -Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior |
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1 characteristic to show vindictiveness
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spiteful or vindictive at least twice in the last 6 months
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diagnostic criteria for ODD
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-4 of the behaviors present (child needs to engage in behavior more than is normal of child in same age/development group)
-lasts for at least 6 months -exhibited in interaction with at least one person who is not a sibling |
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aggression to people and animals
destruction of property deceitfulness or theft serious violations of rules |
conduct disorder
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conduct disorder (CD)
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-repetitive and persistent pattern of violating basic rights of others and/or age-appropriate societal norms or rules
-more sever than ODD |
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CD diagnostic criteria
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-3 or more of the behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one present in the last six months
-many possible combos of symptoms |
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2 subtypes of CD
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-onset
-with limited prosocial emotions |
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onset CD
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-childhood onset= onset of at least one symptom before age 10
-adolescent onset |
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with limited prosocial emotions CD
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-Two of the following characteristics persistently over the last 12 months, and in multiple relationships and settings
1) Lack of remorse or guilt 2) Callous, lack of empathy 3) Unconcerned about performance 4) Shallow or deficient affect |
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when callous unemotional CD present what happens (3)
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-CD has earlier onset
-aggression more severe and more instrumental -associated with insensitivity to punishment |
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in DSM 4 CD subsumed ODD
in DSM 5... |
both can be diagnosed at the same time
ie) in DSM 4 they said if you show symtoms for both ODD and CD that you had CD (it being more severe) in DSM 5 they saying nope, you can have both |
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assess ODD/CD via
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interviews and checklists
observations (DB-DOS) cape (in development) |
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youth are important informants for CD or ODD
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CD (behaviors may be hard for other people to see)
*for ODD we dont know if youth reports adds more to parent/teacher reports |
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BCFPI
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Brief Child and Family Phone Interview
way to assess for ODD/CD look for 6 items related to ODD and CD |
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clinical assessment of prosocial emotions (CAPE)
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-assessment for ODD/CD in development
-semi structured interview -asks "do you care about others feelings and give examples" & "do you find it easy to admit to being wrong? Do you take responsibility for your actions and apologize to people you have hurt. give examplest" |
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Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS)
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-preschoolers interacting in 3 contexts
1) with interactive examiner 2) with busy examiner 3) with their parent -presses for disruptive behavior 1) press for compliance 2) for frustration 3) for rule breaking |
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prevalence of ODD? CD?
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10%
9% |
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ODD/CD is strongly associated with (2)
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poverty
exposure to violence |
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explain social causation in terms of poverty and psychopatholgy
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Stress of poverty leads to an increase in childhood psychopathology
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explain social selection in terms of poverty and psychopatholgy
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Families with genetic predisposition drift down towards poverty
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how do you tease apart social causation and social selection
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have each one predicting a different outcome
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casino study
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-longitudinal study
-aboriginal sample -positive association between poverty and disruptive behavior -partway thru study everyone got stipend caused 4 groups; persistently poor, ex poor, never poor, newly poor (excluded because small #) -social causation predicts "Increase in income should reduce children’s symptoms" -social selection predicts "Increase in income should have no effect on children’s symptoms" -results seem to support causation |
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moderator
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-variable influencing the direction strength of the relationship between 2 variables
-tells us about the who -ex) age as moderator of treatment effects |
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mediator
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-variable explaining the relationship between 2 other variables
-tells us about the why -ex) child abuse may mediate relationship between SES and conduct |
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Costello et al. study looked at possible mediators of the association between increase in income and decrease in behavioral symptoms
results? |
-increased parental supervision=mediator
ie) increase in income led to better parental supervision which led to decreased behavioral problems |
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-conduct problems____times more common in boys than girls
-the difference becomes___in early teens |
2-4
smaller (increase in girls engaging in covert/non-aggressive behavior) |
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ratio between boys and girls with early onset persistent CD?
with adolescent limited CD? |
-10boys:1girl
-2boys:1girl |
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boys with CD show more_____across the life span than girls
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physical aggression
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relational aggression
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-Harming other people by attacking their social relationships
-ex) spreading rumors, excluding others |
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for girls ___aggression is more common than physical
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relational
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T or F
Evidence suggests that boys and girls engage in comparable rates of relational aggression |
T
boys antisocial behavior more overt may get them noticed at early age |
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infants with DBD
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difficult temperament
fussy, irritable not limited to CD/ODD no reliable/valid way to test it |
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(2) diagnostic challenges for preschoolers with potential DBD
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-impossible or improbably symptoms for a preschooler (the diagnoses more for things teens would engage in like staying out all night)
-adapting symptoms to younger age group |
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(4) diagnostic symptoms for preschoolers
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Verbal aggression, physical aggression, lying, property destruction
*these are adapted symptoms |
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preschoolers show normative misbehavior (3) are common misbehaviors
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non compliance
temper loss aggression *also symptoms of ODD ie be careful when diagnosing |
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____% of children exhibit aggression and tantrums by 2 years of age
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75
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How do we distinguish “typical” misbehavior from that representing a significant problem especially in preschoolers
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-severity
-flexibility (can you easily intervene/control behavior) -expectability (is the behavior expected in that situation if not may be a sign) -pervasiveness (seeing behavior in many context/situations) |
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-early onset show at least 1 symptom before the age of ____
-___%persist in antisocial behavior into adulthood -developmental course? |
-10
-50 -starts with aggression in childhood then less serious nonaggressive antisocial behavior in middle childhood, then more serious delinquency in adolescence |
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-onset of late-onset associated with
-ratio of males to females with late onset -less likely, than early-onset, to (3) |
-social change/peer influences ie getting in with the wrong crowd
-2:1 or 1:1 -show extreme antisocial behavior, commit violent offenses, persist |
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with late onset it usually wraps up in adolescence but
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-still has consequences/putting you onto the wrong developmental trajectory
ex) unplanned pregnancy, dropping out of school, drug addiction |
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Outcomes of antisocial behavior that put people on a problematic path=
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snares
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DBD clinically correlated with (5)
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-cognitive/learning problems
-academic difficulties -social relationships -other externalizing problems -internalizing co-morbidity |
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cognitive/learning problems (3)
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-have normal IQ but on average 8 points lower than peers
-verbal IQ lower than performace IQ -language difficulties (possible diathesis interacting with stress of family factors) -executive functioning |
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academic difficulties
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Poor academic skills leading to difficulty in school and association with deviant peers
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social relationships (2)
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-reactive aggression (because you're mad) & proactive aggression (to get something ex. lunch money) both often associated with peer rejection
-affiliate with deviant peers |
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affiliation with deviant peers can lead to (3)
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later conduct problems
crimes committed together substance abuse |
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other externalizing problems:
___%of children with CD also have____ ___almost always preceded by____ |
50;ADHD
CD;ODD *ODD does not always lead to CD (only 25%) |
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internalizing comorbidity:
-___%of children with CD also diagnosed with ___or___ -for boys combined CD & internalizing symptoms -increase risk of -for girls with CD most develop ___disorder |
50%; depression or anxiety
psychiatric disorders as adults depressive or anxiety |
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in CD the depression is likely a ___rather than a ___
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consequence of CD rather than cause
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anxiety in CD acts as a ____factor
how? |
-protective
-Inhibit aggressive behavior, show less severe antisocial behavior than children with CD only, children who are callous/unemotional show less anxiety |
