Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When do you use Dorso-palmar/ plantar instead of cranio-caudal?
|
Dorso-palmar below antebrachio-carpal join
Dorso-plantar below talocrural joint |
|
|
What can you do if your not sure if you're looking at a physis or fracture?
|
X-ray other limb to compare
|
|
|
How many radiographs should you take when evaluating the appendicular skeleton?
|
Minimum of two projections
|
|
|
What can you do if you aren't sure if a bone lesion is aggressive or benign?
|
Reshoot the x-ray in 7-10 days, if aggressive then will be worse if benign like osteoarthritis there won't be much change in 7-10 days
|
|
|
What is the number one treatment of osteoarthritis?
|
Weight loss
-Common in over weight labs |
|
|
*What is osteoarthritis?
|
Degeneration of cartilage and development of periarticular enthesophytes and osteophytes with minimal inflammation
|
|
|
What are the 3 synonyms of DJD?
|
1) Osteoarthritis
2) Osteoarthrosis 3) OA |
|
|
What are 6 radiographic signs of DJD?
|
1) Increased soft tissue opacity in joint
-Joint fluid and/or synovial proliferation 2) Narrow joint space 3) Subchondral bone loss 4) Subchondral sclerosis 5) Osteophyte 6) Enthesophyte |
|
|
What view do you need to see the narrowing of a joint space from osteoarthritis?
|
Weight bearing radiographs only
|
|
|
What is eburnation?
|
When cartilage is gone and becomes sclerotic
|
|
|
*What is the predisposing cause to osteoarthritis?
|
Laxity
|
|
|
If osteoarthritis had a goal, what would it be?
|
To fuse the joint to make it stable
|
|
|
What are the 5 effects osteoarthritis on cartilage?
|
1) Change in pressure on articular cartilage
2) Some ares under increased pressure 3) Some areas under decreased pressure 4) Decreased synovial fluid pump in all areas 5) Degeneration of cartilage in all areas |
|
|
Where is bone added with osteoarthritis?
|
On non-weight bearing surface
-Weight bearing surface become fibrillated and tore up |
|
|
What areas of bone degenerate with osteoarthritis?
|
Pressure areas
|
|
|
What are the 4 stages of degeneration of pressure areas with DJD?
|
1) Fibrillation of cartilage (torn apart & shredded)
2) Thinning of cartilag 3) Subchondral bone erosion 4) Eburnation/sclerosis |
|
|
Where does cartilage erosion and thinning occur with DJD?
|
Pressure areas of joint
|
|
|
**How do you evaluate narrowing of joint space from osteoarthritis?
|
-Only evaluate on weight bearing radiographs
-Small animal radiographs are NOT weight bearing -Large animal radiographs are weight bearing |
|
|
What are the stages of degeneration of the non-pressure areas of a joint with DJD?
|
1) Cartilage proliferation
2) Vascular invasion 3) Cartilage mineralization 4) ***Osteophyte development |
|
|
**Where do entheseophytes form?
|
At insertion of:
-Joint capsule -Ligaments -Tendons |
|
|
**Where do entheseophytes form?
|
At insertion of:
-Joint capsule -Ligaments -Tendons |
|
|
Where does the patellar tendon insert?
|
On the tibial crest
|
|
|
Where is fat opacity normal in the stifle?
|
Infrapatellar fat pad
Caudal to gastrocnemius m. |
|
|
**Where is soft tissue opacity normal in the stifle?
|
Normal caudal to extensor fossa
Abnormal cranial to extensor fossa |
|
|
What does it mean if there's soft tissue opacity cranial to the extensor fossa of the femur where fat pad is?
|
Osteoarthritis
|
|
|
What occurs at areas under pressure in a joint with DJD?
|
Cartilage thinning, subchondral bone changes
|
|
|
What occurs at areas not under pressure in a joint with DJD?
|
Osteophytes & enthesophyte formation
|
