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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Essential amino acids:
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- cannot be made by the body
- must get from food - 9 - |
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Conditionally essential
ex? |
- a non essential amino acid that becomes essential during illness/trauma, premature birth
- ex: tryosine |
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What are the 9 essential amino acids ?
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Histidine
Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine |
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How is a peptide bond formed?
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the OH group of on aa and the H of another join and form a water molecule
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how many aa is a dipeptide? tripeptide? polypeptide?
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- 2
- 3 - 10 |
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what type of reaction is a peptide bond?
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condensation
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Denaturation of proteins is? how?
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Disruption of stability
Uncoil and lose shape Stomach acid |
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What happens during protein digestion in the stomach?
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protein uncoiled by pepsin and HCL into smaller peptides
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what happens during protein digestion in the SI and and pancreas?
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Pancreatic and intestinal proteases break down polypeptides even further?
- enzymes on SI surface hydrolyze peptides into amino acids and cells absorb them. |
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Briefly describe protein synthesis
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DNA templates mRNA, transcription
MRNA carries code to ribosome mRNA gets translated with help of tRNAS |
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What roles do proteins play>
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structural: muscles, bone, teeth, tendons, cartilage, blood vessels
enzymes transorters |
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about how many proteins are there? how many roles are knwn?
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30 000
- 3000 |
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What do protiens transport?
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lipids,
vitamins minerals - move in and out of cells - move around cells |
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Exaples of protein transport?
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hemoglobin
lipoproteins |
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What are hormones?
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messenger molecules,
- transported in blood to targets |
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How to proteins helps regulate/balance acid base
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- attract H ions
- buffers in blood and fluids - gather extra acid - release acid if too few |
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What role do proteins play in causing edema?
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proteins usually draw out the tissue fluid into the capillary
- without the fluid stays i the cell and swells |
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Explain protein turnover and amino acid pool
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continual production and destruction
- the pool pattern is pretty constant |
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What is the amino acid pool used for
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protein production
energy (if no nitrogen) |
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Nitrogen balance depends on what?
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life state, health
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What does the nitrogen balance look like then growing, pregnant, recovery, defiency
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Nitrogen consumtion is greater then execretion
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What would nitrogen excretion outweighiing consumption be caused from?
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starvation
- very low energy diets - severe illness - infections - burns - injuries |
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Who should have an equal consumption to excretion balance of nitrogen?
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health adults
- not pregos |
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What is protein metabolism used for?
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making other compounds
energy and glucose making fat deaminating amino acids |
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What compounds are made from protein metabolism?
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neurotransmitter
melanin thyroxin niacin |
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How do you avoid the wasting of lean body tissue?
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adequate intake of carbs and fats
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What important role do the kidneys play in protein metabolism?
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livers realeases urea into blood
- kidneys filter is out |
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What effects kidney functions?
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liver diease, kidney disease
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What are the two factors of protein quality?
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digestibility: other food consumed? animal vs .plant portends
amino acid consumption: essential, nitrogen containing, limiting amino acids reference protein high quality complementary protiens |
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What are some of the health effects of high protein diets?
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heart disease
cancer kidney osteoporosis weight control |
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What is the RDI of protein
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10-35%
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What is the RDA of protein?
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0.8 g/kg/day
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