Lecture 6 Connective Tissue

Front 1

Basophilic

Back 1

takes up basic dye, RNA, DNA. Molecules that are acidic are basophilic

stains Blue

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composure of connective tissue

Back 2

cells and extracellular matrix

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acidophilic

Back 3

E staining. Takes up acidic dye. Molecules that are basic are acidophilic

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Composure of extracellular matrix

Back 4

Fibers, amorphous groun substance, fluid, mineral deposits

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Connective tissue proper

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1. loose connective tissue
2. dense connective tissue

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Loose connective tissue

Back 6

underlies epithelial layers

has many nucleus - Many cells Less fiber network

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dense connective tissue

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Fewer cells More fibers mainly collagen. Fibers may be regular or not regular

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Specialized Connective Tissue

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1. cartilage
2. bone
3. blood
4. immune system
5. adipose tissue

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Connective tissue is derived from

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Mesenchyme (Tissue) - embryonic connective tissue derived from mesoderm (1 of the 3 germ layers) or neural crest

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fibroblasts

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cell of connective tissue proper, a fixed cell

1. flattened nuclei
2. makes fibers (collagen and elastin) and ground substance
3. varient of myofibroblast that has characteristics of smooth muscle cells
4. active in wound healing and scar formation

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phagocyte system
derived?
includes

Back 11

- fixed and free macrophages of connective tissue - difficult to distinguish between the two
- microglia (CNS)
- osteoclasts of bone

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Macrophages
identified how?
Functions?

Back 12

take up inert dyes, by contect of lysosomal enzymes

1. phagocytose things
2. Assist in immune response
3. secrete hydrolytic enzymes
4. recycle iron

part of phagocytic cells and motile cell

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Plasma Cells
identify?
function?

Back 13

- Clock face: Deep Red staining of cytoplasm due to large quantity of rER, pale juxtanuclear Golgi zone

- secrete antibodies, found at sites of inflammation

part of phygocyte system

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Mast cell

Back 14

rounded cell with ovoid nuclease - found near small blood vessels
- contains heparin, histamin, leukotrienes

1. function in allergic reaction
2. relase chemotactic factors that attract white blood cells in immune response

derived from: bond marrow

part of phagocyte system

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heparin

Back 15

an anticoagulant

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histamine

Back 16

vasodilator and bronchoconstrictor

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Pericytes/adventitial cells

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encircle small vessels, can become smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells

part of phagocyte system

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Adipocytes (fat cells)

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round cell containing single (white adipose tissue) or multiple (brown adipose tissue) lipid droplets
store Fatty acids

part of phagocyte system

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Collagen

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Fiber, extracellular

-flexible but not extensible, acidophilic (pink)
-secreted at procollagen
- self-assembles into fibril
-composed of tropocollagen

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type I collagen

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found in CT proper and bone

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type II collagen

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fibers in hyaline cartilage

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type III collagen

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Reticular Fibers - branching fibers too fine to see without special staining. Provides support to epithelia and to individual muscle and connective tissue cells

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Type IV collagen

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Basal Laminae - no periodicity or fibril formation

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procollagen

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what collagen is secreted as

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tropocollagen

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collagen molecule 0 3 intertwined helical chains with non-helical tails

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Elastic fibers

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lamellae
- made of elastin and fibrillin
-synthesized by fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells
-fibers stretch and branching, fenestrated

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elastin

Back 27

amorphous protein that is a component of elastic fibers

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fibrillin

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a glycoprotein, a component of elastic fibers

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fenestrated

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pierced with one or more opening. Lamellae is fenestrated

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Ground substance

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glycosaminoglycans
proteoglycans
glycoproteins

function: holds water, permits diffusion, of water, gases etc.

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glycosaminoglycans

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polysaccharides with repeating disaccharide units

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proteoglycans

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core proteins with sidearems of glycosaminoglycans and oligosaccharide chains

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glycoproteins

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proteins with one or more oligosaccharide chains.
important in cell-substrate adhesion, cell motility, induction and differentiation

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bound water

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the water retained by the ground substance, water of hydration

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edema

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excess accumulation of fluid

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loose irregular connective tissue

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many cells - nucleus. looks random

-found where movement occurs between organs or between layers or regions within an organ

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dense irregular connective tissue

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few cells, lots of fibers. looks random

-interwoven collagen fibers, forms tough flexible supportive fibers that cannot be distinquished

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dense regular connective tissue

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cords or layers of collagen

-tough flexible attachment of bones (ligaments) and bone and muscle (tendons), fibers run parallel to lines of force

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Reticular connective tissue

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lymphoid tissue, red bone marrow

-highly cellular CT with reticular fibers as principal support. Fibroblasts are called reticular cells

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unilocular

Back 40

common, yellow fat.

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multilocular

Back 41

brown fat, high nitochondrial content, present in newborns and hibernating animals, thermogenic

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multipotential

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having the potential of being many different cell types. (pericyte)

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histiocyte

Back 43

a cell that is part of the mononuclear phagocytic system. The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage