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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of skeletal muscles |
Movement - Skeletal muscle acting on bones Stability & Posture - Interaction between trunk stabilisers and other muscles Control of body openings & passages - Mouth, eye Thermoregulation - Maintain equilibrium between muscle temperatures |
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What is a pennate muscle |
Muscle fibre runs on an angle, pennate has shorter but more muscles. Due to more fibres, this muscle is stronger |
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What is a parallel muscle |
Longer fibres but less of them. Able to contract a longer distance but not as strong |
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What is a bundle of muscle fibres |
A Fasicle |
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What is a muscle cell |
Bundle of contractile proteins called myofibrils |
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What is within each cell |
Sarcoplasm |
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What are myofibrils made up of? |
Myofilaments such as Actin (thin) and myosin (thick) |
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What are the non-contractile elements found in a cell |
Nutrients (Proteins, fats) Enzymes Organelles (mitochondria & sarcoplasmic reticulum) |
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What does muscle contraction rely on? |
A nerve impulse known as a motor unit, which when it reaches a certain threshold, emits a contraction (twitch) |
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What is repeated excitation |
Temporal summation (starting to build up) Unfused tetanus (at a level, not allowed to go down Fused tetanus (consistently rising) |
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What are the 3 types of contractions |
Concentric (Shortens in length) Isometric (tension but no change in length) Eccentric (Lengthens) |
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What is a motor unit |
Input from neural system from the spinal cord, innervates all fibres at the same time |
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How to increase muscle force |
Increase firing frequency of each motor unit Recruit more motor units |
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What are the different muscle fibre types |
Slow twitch (Type 1) - Red fibres because of more oxygen and myoglobin Fast Twitch (Type 2a & b) - White fibres |
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What are agonists (prime movers) |
Muscles directly involved in an action you are trying to perform Push-up - Pec major and triceps brachii |
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What is an antagonist |
Opposes the prime mover, slows down or stops the movement Push-up - Posterior deltoids - Latissimus dorsi - Biceps brachii |
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What are synergists |
Muscles that indirectly assist the movement Push-up - Anterior deltoids - Serratus anterior - Coracobrachialis - Scapular Stabilisers |
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What are stabilisers/fixators |
Co-contraction, muscle which prevents a bone from moving Push-up - Abdominal - Hip flexors |
