Lecture 5

Front 1

Tetrapods

Back 1

• Limbs formed from muscular fins (digits formed on feet)
• Developed ears for sensing airborne vibrations

Front 2

Ambibians

Back 2

• Aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage
• moist skin helps with gas exchange
• Fertilization is external in most species

Front 3

Amniotes

Back 3

• Tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg
• Developed protective coating to prevent body from drying out
• Better muscles in lungs because needed negative pressure breathing

Front 4

Amniotic egg

Back 4

• Membranes protect the egg
• Yolk feeds the embryo
• Allows for gas exchange
• Amniotic sac is inside the yolk

Front 5

Mammals derived characterisitcs

Back 5

• mammary glands
• hair
• larger brain
• differentiated teeth

Front 6

Animal Characteristics

Back 6

• Multicellular eukaryotes derived from embryonic layers
• Cells lack cell walls
• Bodies held together by structural proteins
• have nervous and muscle tissue

Front 7

Gastrulation

Back 7

Inward growth of one part of the blastula

Front 8

Protosome Cleavage

Back 8

Spiral and determinate cleavage

Front 9

Deuterosome Cleavage

Back 9

Radial and indeterminate cleavage

Front 10

Ectoderm

Back 10

Outermost layer

Front 11

Endoderm

Back 11

Innermost layer

Front 12

Archenteron

Back 12

Developing digestive tube

Front 13

Diploblastic blastula

Back 13

Only endoderm and ectoderm

Front 14

Triploblastic Blastula

Back 14

• Endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
• Typically forms a coelem

Front 15

Triploblastic Protosome formation

Back 15

Splitting of the mesoderm solid masses forms the coelem

Front 16

Triploblastic Deuterosome Formation

Back 16

Mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron to form the coelem

Front 17

Blastospore

Back 17

• Connects archenteron to exterior of gastrula
• Protostome: becomes the mouth
• Deutrostome: becomes the anus

Front 18

Choanocytes

Back 18

Flagellated water cells, generate a water current via flagellated collar cells to help with suspicion feeding

Front 19

Eumetazoa

Back 19

animals with true tissues

Front 20

Cnidarians

Back 20

• Diploblastic; Gastrovascular cavity; carnivores that use tentacles to capture prey
• Cnidocytes have the toxic nematocysts

Front 21

Lophotrochoans

Back 21

Bilateral animals with triploblastic development

Front 22

Planarian

Back 22

• Light sensitive spots and nerve nets
• Has an extendable pharynx

Front 23

Chitons

Back 23

Oval shaped marina animal with 8 dorsal plates

Front 24

Gastropods

Back 24

• ¾ of all Molluscs are this
• Single spiraled shell
• Torsion: anus and mantle end above the head

Front 25

Ecdysozoans

Back 25

• Most species-rich animal group
• Covered by a cuticle that is shed

Front 26

Key to success of insects

Back 26

Flight is _____ to insects

Front 27

Shared characteristics of Deuterosomes

Back 27

• Radial cleavage
• Formation of the mouth at the end of the embryo opposite of the blastopore

Front 28

Characteristics of Chordates

Back 28

• Notochord
• dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Pharyngeal slits or clefts
• muscular, post-anal tail

Front 29

Notochord

Back 29

• Longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord
• provides skeletal support

Front 30

Vertebrates

Back 30

• Craniates with backbones
• Vertebrae enclosing a spine
• Elaborate skull
• Fin rays in aquatic forms

Front 31

What genetic process may have been helpful when accounting for the Cambrian explosion?

Back 31

Hox gene duplication

Front 32

What distinguishes sponges from other animals?

Back 32

True tissues or no tissues

Front 33

Choanocytes

Back 33

Cells in sponge that are primarily responsible for trapping and removing food particles from circulating water

Front 34

Blood flukes

Back 34

• Alternate between a snail and human host
• Parasite
• Reducing freshwater snail population helps reduce incidents in humans

Front 35

Where are the larvae of common tapeworm species usually found?

Back 35

Encysted in the muscles of an animal

Front 36

Lophophore

Back 36

• Horse-shaped suspension-feeding organ with ciliated tentacles
• Used by ectoprocts and brachiopods

Front 37

Complete metamorphosis

Back 37

Full stages like larvae to adult

Front 38

Incomplete metamorphosis

Back 38

Young nymphs look like smaller adults

Front 39

Which 2 main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor eumetazoans?

Back 39

Cnidaria and Bilateria

Front 40

The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with what function?

Back 40

Feeding

Front 41

Amniote

Back 41

Tetrapods whose living members are reptiles, birds, and mammals

Front 42

Three major groups of mammals

Back 42

1. Egg-laying
2. Pouched
3. Placental

Front 43

Gene found in all species of eumetazoan animals studied

Back 43

Hox

Front 44

Gene linked to development of speech

Back 44

FOXP2

Front 45

Synapsids

Back 45

Species that mammals developed from in the late Jurassic Period

Front 46

Lobe-fins

Back 46

Have muscular fins or limbs

Front 47

Diapsids

Back 47

Includes lizard-like animals, birds, turtles, alligators, and crocodiles

Front 48

Osteichthyans

Back 48

Animals with bony skeletons

Front 49

Chondrichthyans

Back 49

Aquatic gnathostomes with cartilage skeletons (sharks, rays, ratfishes)

Front 50

Marsupials

Back 50

Use pouches for young; included in mammals