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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most important chemical bonds in biological molecules
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covalent bonds
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formation of covalent bonds
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electron-sharing between atoms
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science of chem
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bond rearrangement/electron rearrangement
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molecules
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smallest part of substance that still retains the chem and phys properties of it. composed of atoms
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element
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all atoms of a molecule are alike
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number elements naturally occurring
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92; rest are mandmade
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compound
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molecule contains diff kinds of atoms
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atom defined by...
what is it? |
atomic number
or: # of protons |
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# electrons =
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# protons
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atoms get their weight by...
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protons and neutrons
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but electrons...
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bond atoms together to form molecules
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analogy of nucleus
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distance to the electron is like a vast space
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of 1st 30 elements, how many essential to human life?
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20 of the first
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what are we based of?
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carbon-based animals
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most common atoms in living things are (by number)
...then ignore water |
hydrogen
oxygen carbon nitrogen ...ignore water: HCON |
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what determines the chemistry of an atom?
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# of electrons in the outer shell
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bond looks like
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a straight line
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hydrogen GAS
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naturally occurring
2 atoms bonded together H2 |
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chemical bond is formed...
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between 2 atoms share a pair of electrons
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Hydrogen
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atomic # = 1
for complete outer shell: must form a bond with another atom by electron sharing (H, C, O, N) |
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Carbon
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atomic # = 6
4 on the outer shell FORMS 4 OUTER BONDS with other carbon, hyd, nitr, etc. |
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methane
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1 carbon
4 hydrogen CH4 |
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Nitrogen
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atomic # = 7
5 on the outside Forms 3 bonds by electron sharing to complete shell NH3 = ammonia gas (the other 2 just hang together) now there are 8 on the outer edge |
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Oxygen
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atomic # = 8
may be bonded to 2 Hydrogen --> H2O or water |
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oxygen molecules
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2 O atoms held by double bond
share 2 prs of electrons |
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covalent bond
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electron sharing!
double bond double line |
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element composition of living things (in order)
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oxygen-->carbon-->hydrogen
-->nitrogen-->calcium |
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atoms' characteristic # of bonds...
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H-1
O-2 N-3 C-4 |
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ethyl alcohol
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simple molecule that shows characteristic bonding
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