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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Findings of environmental inequalities |
In 1983, US general Accounting Office, locations of waste sites. 1987, toxic waste and race in US, United Church of Christ report. 1990, conference on race and environmental hazards. 1992, CPA, environmental equity. |
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Lead exposure |
For black people, 68% we're exposed with incomes of less than $6,000 a year. 54% were exposed with incomes of 6 to 15 thousand period and 38% were exposed with incomes greater than 15000. For white people, 36% exposed for low income, 23% for medium income, 12% for high-income. Estimated percentage of children 0 to 5 years old with blood levels of lead higher than 15 mg / DL |
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Executive order 12898 |
1994, President Clinton said each federal agencies shall make a cheating environmental justice part of its Mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations |
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Specific issues in EO |
Requires agencies specific environmental justice strategies. Multiple and cumulative exposures to hazards. Patterns of subsidence conception. Ensure share effective public participation |
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Groups that address through environmental justice |
Black, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian and Alaska native, low income |
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NEPA, ceq General guidance. |
Consider demographics of affected area and disproportionate effect. Consider multiple / cumulative exposures. Recognize factors the May amplify natural physical effects. Develop effective public participation strategies, linguistic and cultural Geographic. Assure meaningful Community representation in regulatory process. Seek tribal representation in process. |
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Assassing impacts to environmental justice |
Disproportionate adverse impact, low income population, minority population, Indian tribes. Identify source of potential impacts, change and land use such as displacements, indirect impacts such as health effects of adjacent land use, changes in Access. Determine existing conditions, demographics such as census / State / County municipality data, State / local Health agencies, use of local resources such as citizen groups, Native American tribes, field reconnaissance. |
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Environmental justice continued |
Impact prediction, direct taking a property, local air and water quality / noise levels, hazardous materials, human health effects. Mitigation, limit magnitude of project, we design project, relocation, public participation get views of affected populations. |
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Environmental justice in permit decision-making |
Make better decisions that meet the needs of all people. Design facilities that fit more harmoniously into communities. Enhance the public involvement process, strengthen community-based Partnerships, and provide minority and low-income populations with opportunities to learn about and improve the quality. Improve data collection, monitoring, and analyst tools that assess the needs of, and analyze the potential impacts on minority and low-income populations. Avoid disproportionately high and adverse impacts on minority and low-income populations. Minimize and or mitigate unavoidable impacts by identifying concerns early in the planning phase and providing offsetting initiatives and enhancement measures to benefit affected communities and neighborhoods. |
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Crest Street |
Small African-American community. Older than 100 years originally settlement of former slaves. Near Duke and VA Hospital. Average length of residency, 36 years. Relatives and Community 65%. Local Workforce 45% within one mile. Perception of safety, 90% consider neighborhood safe, |
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Participants in Crest Street decisions |
NC DOT. Fhwa. City of Durham County of Durham. Duke University. Crest Street Community Council. Durham Committee of Affairs of black people. People's Alliance, opposed Expressway |
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Mitigation for Crest Street |
Moved over 1000 Graves to provide space for Community. Realigned Expressway interchange. Moved and rehabbed 65 houses. Constructed 178 houses. Renovated former school for elderly. Built infrastructure, streets, sidewalks, sanitary storm sewers, Street lighting. |
