Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Palate - Structural features of the palate
|
Hard palate - ant. 2/3 (maxilla and palatine bone)
Soft palate - post. 1/3 (muscle tissue and uvula |
|
|
Specifics of the soft palate
|
Palatine glands - mucous glands add thickness anteriorly
Aponeurosis - adds strength to ant. 1/3 Muscles - ads mobility to post. 2/3 |
|
|
Tensor Veli Panatini Muscle
|
Arises from sphenoid bone
Descends & turns 90 degree around med. pterygoid hamulus Inserts into palatine aponeurosis Tenses and depresses soft palate |
|
|
Levator Veli Palatini Muscle
|
Arises from temporal bone & auditory tube
Inserts into palatine aponeurosis Located just post./med. to tensor veli palatini m. Elevates & retracts soft palate |
|
|
Vascular supply of the palate
|
Descending palatine a. - gives rise to gr. & less palatine aa.
Greater palatine a. - supplies ant. palatine Lesser palatine a. - supplies post. palatine |
|
|
Sensory nerve supply of the palate
|
Nasopalatine n. (CN V2) - supplies tip of palate
Greater palatine n. (CN V2) - supplies ant. palate Lesser palatine n. (CN V2) - supplies post. palate |
|
|
Motor nerve supple of the palate
|
Mandibular n. (CN V2) - supplies tensor veli palatini m.
Vagus n. (CN X) - supplies levatory veli palatini m. All other mm. of palate supplied by vagus n. as well |
|
|
Palatine Tonsils
|
One of each side of oropharnyx in a tonsillar bed (fossa)
(i.e. b/w palatoglossal arch & palatopharyngeal arch) Supr. pole extends into soft palate Infr. pole continuous with lingual tonsil Note: with age, tonsils may become inconspicuous |
|
|
Arterial supply of the palatine tonsil
|
Most supply is via tonsillar brs. of lingual & faciall aa.
(i.e. both brs. of ext. carotid a.) Additional supply is via ascending pharyngeal & less palatine aa. (i.e. brs. of ext. carotid & descending palatine aa., respectively) |
|
|
Clinical notes on tonsillectomy
|
Palatine tonsils may be removed if necessary
Heavy bleeding may occur from aa. in region Bleeding from paratonsillar v. also common (i.e. venous drainage of tonsillar bed) CN IX supplies lat. pharyngeal wall Vulnerable to injury b/c lat. wall is thin |
|
|
General structure of the oral cavity
|
Hard & soft palate = roof
Tongue & sublingual region = floor Teeth & gums = ant./lat. walls Palatoglossal arches = post./lat. walls |
|
|
Landmarks of the oral cavity
|
Sublingual region = located under tongue
Lingual frenulum = attaches tongue to floor of mouth Opening of submandibular ducts = on each side of frenulum Sublingual fold = mucousal fold overlying sublingual gland |
|
|
Sublingual Gland
|
Found below sublingual fold & above mylohyoid m.
(i.e. mylohyoid m. = foundation for oral cavity Number of ducts from gland open onto fold's surface However, some may unite to join submandibular duct |
|
|
Submandibular duct
|
AKA: Wharton's duct
Originates from substance of submandibular gland Runs along med. aspect of sublingual gland Ends anterior lat. to frenulum of tongue Along its course, crossed twice by lingual n. |
|
|
Lingual Nerve
|
Br. of CN V3 emerges b/w lat. & med. pterygoid mm.
Descends b/w ramus of mandible & med. pterygoid m. Passes post. to last molar tooth in mouth Spirals around submandibular duct lat. to hyoglossus m. (i.e. crosses from supr./lat. -> infr. -> supr./med.) Ends as several brs. piercing ant. 2/3 of tongue |
|
|
Submandibular Ganglion
|
Found in vicinity of 3rd molar tooth
Suspended from lingual n. by 2 or more short n. brs. Relays p-symp. fibers from chorda tympani (CN VII) These travel to submandibular & sublingual glands Note: symp. fibers to glands are from ext. carotid plexus (i.e. relayed via supr. cervical ganglion) |
|
|
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
|
Found deep to post. belly of digastric & stylohyoid mm.
Runs ant. b/w submandibular gland & hyoglossus m. Found below lingual n. & above mylohyoid m. Ends in post. tongue to provide its motor innervation |
|
|
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
|
Runs lat. to stylopharyngeus m. to enter pharynx
(i.e. b/w supr. & middle constrictor mm.) Continues ant. thru tonsillar region Here located btwn. styloglosssus & stylopharngeus mm. Ends in post. tongue to provide it sensory innervation |
|
|
Muscles of the tongue
|
Styloglossus m. - styloid process to tongue
Hyoglossus m. - hyoid bone to tongue Genioglossus - genoid tubercle of mandible to tongue Intrinsic mm. - consists of vertical, trans. & long. fibers |
|
|
Clinical notes on the genioglossus m.
|
A paired m. fused in midline that protudes tongue
Unilateral paralysis of CN XII affects straight protrusion Intact side protrudes more than affected side Results in deviation of tongue toward paralyzed side Bilateral paralysis results in no ability to protrude tongue Tongue falls back & may occlude airway causing suffocation |
|
|
Arterial Supply of the floor of the mouth
|
Facial a. -supplies most of the supf. structures
Lingual a. - supplies most of deeper structures Accompanying vv. provide venous drainage to IJV |
|
|
Special sensory innervation of the floor of the mouth
|
Chorda tympani (CN VII) = taste to ant. 2/3 of tongue
(i.e. fiber travel with lingual n.) Glossopharyngeal n. = taste to post. 1/3 of tongue |
|
|
General sensory innervation of the floor of the mouth
|
Lingual n. = sensory to ant. 2/3 of tongue
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN XI) = sensory to post. 1/3 of tongue |
