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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Safety |
Freedom from psychological and physical injury. A basic human need |
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Restraints |
Manual method or physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces ability to move body parts |
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Hemoglobin and hematocrit lab |
Normally low for ortho surgery. Blood loss. Improper food intake. Low iron. Anemia |
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Albumin lab |
Malnutrition problem. Keep fluids. Long term or chronic. Low protein intake, changes slowly |
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Cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid profile lab |
Risk for CAD. Can be genetic. High fat |
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Blood sugar |
Fasting ideal for diagnosis. Cannot be diagnosed by one screening. Normal 70-100/120 |
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Body mechanics |
The coordination efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems |
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Body alignment |
Center of gravity is stable |
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Friction |
Force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement |
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Sheat |
Force exerted against the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move |
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-Increase efficiency of heart -Decrease resting rate and BP -Increase blood flow and oxygenation of all body parts |
Effects of exercise on cardiovascular system |
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-increase depth of respiration -increase respiratory rate -increase gas exchange at alveolar level -increase rate of CO2 excretion |
Effects of exercise on respiratory system |
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-increase appetite -increase intestinal tone |
Effects of exercise on gastrointestinal system |
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-increase blood flow to kidneys -increase efficiency in maintaining fluid and acid base balance - increase efficiency in excreting body wastes |
Effects of exercise on urinary system |
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-increase muscle efficiency -increase coordination -increase efficiency of nerve impulse transmission |
Effects of exercise on musculoskeletal system |
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-increase efficiency of metabolic system -increase efficiency of body temperature -increase endomorphine |
Effects of exercise on metabolic system |
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-Improved tone, color, turgor -Improved circulation |
Effects of exercise on integumentary system |
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-energy, vitality, general well being - improved sleep - improved appearance -improved self concept -positive health behaviors |
Effects of exercise on psychological well being |
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Isotonic |
Active exercises which muscles move and contract, joints improve, pushing pulling, nine effects |
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Isometric |
Resistive exercises. No joint movement. Used in hospitals. Sitting exercises. Ex. After birth squeeze pelvic muscle |
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Isokinetic |
Conditioning, weight lifting, water, machines or devices, used in rehab |
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Sleep |
Basic need. 1/3 of life is spent. Helps with coping, daily stress, body restored physically and mentally. Altered state of consciousness of minimal physical activity. |
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Rest |
A state of relaxation and calmness. Both mental and physical. Mentally, spiritually, physically rejuvenated. Ex 5 min break, walk |
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Stage 1 of NREM sleep |
Daydreaming, drowsy, respiration a slow down, can get easily aroused |
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Stage 2 of NREM sleep |
50% of total sleep. Light sleep. lasts 10-15 minutes |
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Stage 3 of NREM sleeo |
Initial phase or deep sleep. 15-30 minutes. Rarely moves. Muscles completely relaxed |
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Stage 4 of NREM sleep |
Greatest depth of sleep where all body functions slow down. |
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REM sleep |
5-30 mins. Increased brain metabolism. Dream state. 6-10 per night. Physical characteristics. Leaning is related to amount of this sleep. Restores mentally and is controlled by lower portion of brain |
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Insomnia |
Most common sleep disorder. Inability of adequate amount of quality of sleep. Many different types and treatments. Frequent waking or trouble falling asleep |
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Sleep apnea |
Cessation of breathing for a time during sleep. 10 seconds or longer pause. Central neurologic obstructive |
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Circadian rhythm |
Jet lag, shift work, drug, feeling of hungover, constipation, headache |
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Hypersomnia |
Excessive sleep in the daytime, more often a coping mechanism but could be an indication of disease |
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Narcolepsy |
Obesity, airway deformities, dysfunction of REM sleep, genetic or physical. |
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Parasomnias |
Common in children. Somabulism, sleep talking, sleep walking, enuresis, nightmares, night terrors, nocturnal errections smee |
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Sleep talkjng |
Happens during or right before REM sleep |
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Sleep walking |
Happens 1-2 hours after falling asleep. Safety is #1 risk |
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Enuresis |
Bed wetting. 1-2 hours after falling asleep. More males than females |
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Nightmares |
Connected to seizures |
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Stress |
A condition in which the body responds to change in its normal balanced state. Can be positive or negative, holistic effect. Highly individualized |
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Appraisal |
How person interprets stress |
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Stressor |
Any situation or event or agent that threatens persons security, ex pregnancy |
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Internal stressor |
Type of stressor we put on ourselves |
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External stressor |
Type of stressor caused by environment, cannot control |
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Developmental stressor |
Type of stressor involved in change. Leaving for college, puberty |
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Situations stressor |
Type of stressor in loss or death, school, exam |
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Coping |
Unconsciously learned but can consciously chance. Can be good or bad. Mental and behavioral responses to stress learned through parents |
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General adaptation syndrome |
Change that takes place as a result of responding to a stressor, maintain balance in life. |
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Stage 1 of GAS |
Alarm, CNS aroused, fight or flight. HR goes up, skin sweats, pupils dilate |
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Stage 2 of GAS |
Resistant body stabilizes |
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Stage 3 kd GASP |
Exhaustion. Ability to adapt is decreased. Stressor starts causing long term physiological changes like heart disease |
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Developmental crisis |
Universal situations which occur as a person grows from one developmental stage to another. |
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Situational crisis |
Unpredictable sudden change in persons role or function in a social situation. Does not happen to everyone. Graduation, loss of job, loss of partner in life, retirement, loss of freedom, illness |
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Adventitious crisis |
Unpredictable events. Loss of possessions, fire, theft, weather disaster, accidents, winning loto |
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Mild anxiety |
Normal muscle tone, sharpened senses, stable VS. coping well. Learning, rational thoughts, problem solves |
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Moderate anxiety |
Muscle tension, jumpy, increase VS, dry mouth, butterflies, may not hear. Nervous, sins it it to noise, worried, thinking diminished, inattention, misses detail |
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Severe anxiety |
Increase VS, chest pain, doesn't hear, repetitive movements, physically ill. Loss of control, insecure, helpless. No learning possible, distracted, scattered details |
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Panic anxiety |
Out of control, terror, feeling of dying, eeriness, poor reality testing, can't cooperate or collaborate |
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Loss |
Actual, perceived, anticipatory, death, external object, familiar environment, significant other, aspect of self, and life |
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Greif |
Process to cope, emotional responses to loss, unique to individual. Based on experience and social process. Best to be shred with assistance |
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Mourning |
Behavioral responses seen, social expression of loss. Objective |
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Bereavement |
Encompasses both grief and mourning, subjective, emotional responses experienced by survivor |
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Normal grief |
Or uncomplicated. Most common type of grief, roller coaster of emotions |
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Anticipatory grief |
Unconscious process of letting go. Grief experienced before loss occurs. Hospice pts waiting for relief |
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Disenfranchised grief |
Or unaccepted grief. When relation is not socially accepted. Cannot publicly grief, unsupported. Ex abortion |
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Complicated grief |
Chronic, exaggerated, delayed, masked grief. Conflicted relationships, murders. 6 months |
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Denial |
Act as if nothing happened. Refuse to accept. Listen and support patient |
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Angrr |
Mad at God, situation, staff, person that had died. Be aware of physical outbursts |
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Bargaining |
Cushions and postpones the loss. Making promises |
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Delression |
After full realization, can withdrawal from life. Be careful of suicide |
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Acceptance |
Incorporate the loss in their life, and then move forward. |
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Spirituality |
A persons sense of connection to a higher power, force, or enabler. Affect body functions. Gives life purpose |
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Religion |
Organized system of beliefs, practices, codes of conduct. Suppose to provide guidance to spiritual well being |
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Hope |
Powerful tool for recovery and facing death. Combination of spirituality and faith. Something to live for or look forward too. |
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Pain |
Universal and individual. What the person says is occurring when the person says it does. 5th vital sign. Subjective but the results may become objective |
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Acute/transient pain |
Or protective. Sudden and short duration, well defined. Increase at night and can develops into chronic |
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Chronic/ persistent pain |
Slowly and lasts longer. Not easy to treat. Causes exhaustion and depression. Can lead to great suffering |
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Chronic episodic |
Episodes lashing longer then 6 months. Ex migraine |
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Radiating |
Felt as source of cause. But extends to nearby tissues |
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Referred |
Felt in another area than the source |
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Ohabtom |
Actual pain felt in missing body part |
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Somatic pain |
Supportive structures |
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Visceral pain |
Felt in visceral organs or deep muscle. Ex gallbladder |
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Cutaneous pain |
Felt in skin or sub Q |
