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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Immunization


- Typically given in adulthood


- administered as multiple booster doses


- serious side effects rare
Herd Immunity


- vaccinating a large percentage of a community effectively conveys herd immunity by interrupting transmission of contagious diseases


- Ex DTaP
Vaccine


- administration of live, attenuated strains of pathogenic microbes or inactivated microbial toxins


- elicits a natural primary immune response


- secondary response next time you encounter pathogen
Whooping Cough

- highly contagious


- causes uncontrollable coughing fits


- caused by Gram-negative bacteria Bordetella pertussis


- spread by direct contact with mucus from the nose and throat


- babies and children are most at risk


- vaccine lats only 3-6 years so boosters are needed
Whooping Cough Transmission

- Asymptomatic adults and adolescents appear to be the primary reservior
Stages of Whooping Cough


- Incubation of 1-3 weeks, begins with colonization of the upper respiratory tract causing fever, malaise, coughing. bacteria can be recovered and can be treated with antibiotics


- second stage prolonged coughing that ends in a characteristic gasp. pathogen can rarely be recovered and antimicrobial agents have no effect
Whole Cell Vaccine


- Whooping cough vaccine was composed of whole cells of the pathogen that were killed by formalin treatment


- epidemics still occurred in immunized populations
Accellular Vaccine

- contains purified components


- for pertussis, vaccine consist of a weakened toxoid
Detoxified Pertussis Toxin (DTaP)

- genetically engineered form of toxin


- changes are added to chromosome of pathogen, toxin collected that is non-toxic but immunogenic
Spread of Disease


- By Jet


- use of blood banks (HIV, HepC)


- Suburban sprawl (lyme disease)


- Modern farming practices (prion diseases)


- some reemerging disease is die to newly drug resistant strains