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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did people think margarine was better than butter and why does professor Levitsky disagree?
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b/c healthy butter = sold at room temperature.
cis-unsat fats (in nature) Hs on same side of double bond trans-unsat fats (solid at room temperature..margarine) BUUUT... it loses its property of unsat fats, so its really no better than butter. |
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Why is Vitamin E good for Atherosclerosis?
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b/c LDL's bad when its oxidized (free radicals bad = associated w/ aging). Vitamin E can repair damage done by free radicals.
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Do Vitamin E supplements prevent atherosclerosis?
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we require about 17mg/day: if we're not getting enough vitamin E, higher risk fro atherosclerosis but eating more doesnt seem to be helpful.
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What are 3 good things Vitamin E does (and one bad lol)
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1. improves immunity among aged
2. prevents alzheimer's (at high doses) 3. prevents prostate cancer 4. in animals, decreases testicular size |
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So another way to prevent atherosclerosis is what? What are sources of Vitamin E (fat soluble so absorbed in micelle?
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maintain minimum intake of Vitamin E. almonds, corn, peanuts (rare to get Vitamin E deficiency)
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Why do inuits eat such fatty diets but have such low rates of heart disease?
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b/c get lots of omega-3 fatty acids (from fish)
and they expend LOTS of energy which raises HDL (brings LDLs back to liver). |
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Which (omega 6, 3, or 9) is an essential fatty acid (dont make it)
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6 & 3
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What do omega 3 fatty acids do in humans?
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1. Dilate blood vessels
2. Inhibit clotting (this is why inuits are bleeders) 3. reduce inflammation (which in turn reduced blood pressure). |
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What do omega-6s do?
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1. constrict blood vessels
2. promote clotting 3. promote infection (isnt always bad b/c allows healing) |
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What's a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
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cold water fish: anchovies, bluefish, mackerl, salmon, trout, tuna
REMEMBER: effects observed w/ people eating fish (omega-3) NO EVIDENCE that taking omega-3 pills slows atherosclerosis so just EAT FISH |
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Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids both produce_______. What's a major source of omega-6 fatty acids?
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eicosanoids
corn (LOTS OF THIS IN US) |
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So what are 2 more ways to reduce risk of atherosclerosis?
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1) eat fish about 2 times a week
2) reduce consumption of corn oil |
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What's another anticoagulant (but you need to worry about bleeding now). Name an oppositely functional product.
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aspirin (1/2 aspirin/day good)
BUT fibrin (perprothrombin-prothrombin (need vitamin K)-thrombin-fibrinogen-fibrin)VERY STICKY....CAUSES CLOTS (stored in inactive form of fibrinogen. |
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How is alcohol good?
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raises HDL levels (1oz per day is good)
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Why else is exercise great?
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1) decreased need for insulin b/c moving muscle increases sensitivity --> lover rate of buildup of atherosclerosis.
2) lowers bl pressure 3) decreases body fat |
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What is involved with homocysteine urea disease?
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1) high blood homocysteine
2) Rapid development of athersclerosis 3)Increased blood homocysteine good predictor of CHD. |
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What does homocysteine do?
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1) increase oxidation
2) promotes growth of foam cells 3)increased clotting factors |
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What causes and increase in homocysteine levels? Relate this to another thing to do to decrease chances of getting atherosclerosis.
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deficiency in folic acid and/or B12, B6
so, minimum amount of B12, B6, and folic acid required. |
