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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary care physician
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a medical doctor who provides both the first contact for an undiagnosed health concern as well as continual care of varied medical concerns
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Geriatrician
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a physician who specializes in care for the elderly, or the 65+
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Respite care
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short term, temporarily relief to those who are taking care of family members who otherwise would be in a permanent placement in facility outside of home
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"aging in place"
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when an environment that was once desirable is no longer safe or doesn't provide enough resources
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Quality of life
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refers to the well being and life satisfaction of an individual
Includes enviornmental, physical, social, and psychological well being domains Includes interpersonal relationships, social support, physical and mental health, environmental comfort, and psychological factors such as emotions, locus of control, personality, meaning of life, etc |
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Rowe & Kahn's model of successful aging
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1. Avoidance of disease
2. Maintenance of high physical and cognitive function 3. Active engagement with life |
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Vaillant's Model of Aging Well
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6 criteria
1. No physical disability at age 75 2. Good subjective physical health (no problems with instrumental activities of daily living) 3. Length of undisabled life 4. Good mental health 5. Objective social support 6. Self-rated life satisfaction in 8 domains (marriage, income-producing work, children, friendships/social contacts, hobbies, community service, religion, and recreation/sports) |
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Life expectancy
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shape has changed to "rectangularization of survival" meaning that it has increased over time
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Compression of Morbidity Hypothesis
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by Fries
Life span is fixed and finite. Improvements in health care and technology will compress the number of years with disability and disease. Consequences: It improves the quality of life for old people. It decreases the demand for health care resources. Increases in life expectancy is not equal to the time spent disabled. |
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Active life expectancy
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expected number of years free from disability
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Healthy life expectancy
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expected number of years of life free of disease and disability, which is similar to healthy life span (number of years possible)
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Problems with "successful aging"
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No gold standard definition.
Only a few studies have used exact Rowe & Kahn definition components Self rated successful aging vs. Rowe & Kahn criteria vary tremendously. There is a big difference between how we measure successful aging and how adults perceive themselves. Is the opposite of "successful" aging "failure"? Criteria is difficult to meet for some individuals because of the lack of resources and factors beyond personal control. |
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Older adult's view of successful aging
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- having good health
- remaining engaged / stimulated - having a positive attitude about aging - ability to adapt to stress or health/life changes - having financial security and social security |
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Productive aging perspective
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Older adults are seen as a valuable resource because they are our "only increasing natural resource"
This goes against the stereotype of the dependent frail and that retirement is a time of leisure. They often give back to society and give advice. Any activity that produces goods and services, or develops the capacity to produce them, whether paid or not. (community service) |
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Quality of Life
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Subjective
- personality factors may affect perspective of quality of life - people in your life (family / friends) - meaning - feeling of purpose - physical and mental health Multidimensional General Quality of Life Health-related quality of life (physical and mental health) |
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Life satisfaction & aging
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Little data
Some suggest U-shaped. Some studies suggest little change Sometimes a "terminal decline" is observed (especially after a major illness, big change, satisfaction decreases) |
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Predictors of Successful Aging
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5 major factors
1. Biological/physical - genetic, physiological functioning 2. Behavioral - self-promoting such as physical activity, nutrition, smoking 3. Psychological - mental health, mental activity, attitudes, and how they affect the aging process 4. Social - social support, integration in social network, social activity 5. Socioeconomic and demographic |
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How much % attributed to heritability estimate for longevity
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20-40%
25% for heritability estimate for physical functioning amongst humans |
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Genes involved to disease processes
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APOE-4, inflammation, metabolism
Buffering genes can buffer against harmful genes |
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Cognitive reserve hypothesis
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the more developed a brain is upon entering older age, the longer it will take to cross the threshold of impairment
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How to build cognitive reserve?
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Education
Occupational complexity Intellectual engagement Health behavior |
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Aging self-stereotypes
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by Levy
Negative stereotypes about older adulthood internalized in young adulthood. They transform into self-stereotypes when individuals reach older age. Degree of internalization varies by individuals and society and culture. |
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Positive vs. negative aging words
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Priming words such as "wise" and "senile"
Exposure to positive primes performed better on memory tasks, faster walking speed, better handwriting, more likely to endorse life-sustaining medical interventions in hypothetical situations. |
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Views of aging
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People with positive views of aging lived longer.
Those with negative views more likely to die off sooner. |
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Interventions
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can be...
Physical activity Mental activity Social/productive activity Societal/structural Multi-dimensional |
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Experience corps
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senior citizen volunteers help teach children to read in public schools
Older adults get to increase their cognitive/mental, physical, and social activity, improve mental and physical health, and important role of contributing to the younger generation. |
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Structural lag
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As a society, we don't have the institution or opportunities in place to provide services for the needs and desires that older adults need to do. Our society is lagging behind their desires.
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