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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epigastric |
GERD, MI |
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RUQ |
Cholecystitis |
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LUQ |
Pancreatitis |
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Periumbilical |
SBO |
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RLQ |
Appendicitis |
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LLQ |
Diverculitis |
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Suprapubic |
Ovarian torsion/cyst, UTI |
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flanks |
pyelonephritis, renal calculi |
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Appendicitis (APPY) |
etiology: infection of appendix leading to inflammation, blockage and possibly rupture CC: RLQ pain, gradual onset, constant, worsened w/ movement assoc sx: anorexia, fever, N/V PE: McBurney's point tenderness, RLQ tenderness diag by: CT A/P w/ PO contrast |
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small bowel obstruction (SBO) |
etiology: physical blockage of small intestine risk factor: elderly, infants, abdominal surgery, narcotic pain meds CC: abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation assoc sx: abd distension, bloating, no bm PE: abdominal (periumbilical) tenderness, guarding, rebound, abnormal bowel sounds, abd distension, tympany diag by: CT A/P w/ PO contrast, acute abdominal series |
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Gallstones (Cholecystitis) |
Etiology: minerals from liver bile condense to form gallstones, which irritate, obstruct and inflame gallblader Catch phrase: RUQ abdominal pain after fatty food CC: RUQ pain, sharp, worsened w/ food & deep breaths & palpations PE: RUQ tenderness, Murphy's sign Diag by: abdominal US, RUQ |
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GI bleed |
Etiology: Hemorrhage in upper or lower GI leads to anemia CC: Hematemesis (upper), coffee grounds emesis (lower), hematochezia (lower), melena (upper) Assoc Sx: Generalized weakness, lightheadedness, SOB, abdominal pain, rectal pain PE: pale conjunctiva, pallor, tachycardia, Melena, Gross, bloody stool Diag by: Heme positive stool, during rectal SA: need for transfusion (possible) |
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diverticulitis |
Etiology: acute inflammation of abnormal pockets of large intestine (diverticuli) Risk factor: diverticulosis, old age cc: llq pain assoc sx: nausea, fever, diarrhea Diag by: CT A/P w/ PO Contrast |
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pancreatitis |
etiology: pancreas inflammation Risk factors: ETOH abuse, Cholecystitis, specific meds CC: LUQ epigastric pain Assoc Sx: N/V PE: Epigastric tenderness Diag by: elevated lipase lab test (or amylase) SA: |
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
etiology: stomach acid regurgitating into esophagus CC: epigastric pain, improved with antacids PE: epigastric tenderness Assoc Med: GI cocktail to soothe and numb SA: due to proximity, pt w/ cardiac risk factors & epigastric pain will get cardiac workup |
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C. diff |
persistent diarrhea |
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Gastroenteritis |
V/D |
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Crohn's |
Immune disorder causing diarrhea and abdominal pain |
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IBS |
prone to diarrhea |
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Gastritis |
irritated stomach w/ vommiting |
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UTI |
etiology: UTI Risk factors: female CC: dysuria Assoc Sx: freq/malodorous urination, AMS in elderly PE: suprapubic tenderness Diag by: urine dip, urinalysis, |
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pyelonephritis |
etiology:infection of kidney tissue, spread from UTI Risk factors: female, freq. UTI CC: flank pain w/ dysuria Assoc Sx:fever, n/v PE: CVA tenderness Diag by: CT abd/pelv |
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Kidney Stone (renal calculi) |
etiology: stone scrapes ureter causing extreme pain and bloody urine CC: flank pain, sudden and radiating to groin Assoc Sx: hematuria, unable to void PE: cva tenderness Diag by: CT abd/pelvis & Hematuria a clue |
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Ectopic Pregnancy |
etiology: egg develops outside uterus (in fallopian tube) Risk factors: female, hcg +, STD Diag by: US pelvis to detrmine location of fetus SA: female w/ + pregnancy w/ lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding will receive US pelvis |
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ovarian torsion |
etiology: reduced blood flow to ovary possibly resulting in infarct CC: lower abdominal pain (LLQ or RLQ) PE: axial/rlq/llq tenderness Diag by: US pelvis SA: document time of arrival (Very time sensitive), US results, physician consults |
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testicular torsion |
etiology:loss of blood flow and nerve function to testicle CC: testicular pain PE: tenderness in testicles Diag by: US scrotum |
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URI |
etiology: viral infection causing cough, congestion and inflammation of upper airway CC: cough/congestion Assoc Sx: fever, sore throat, myalgia, HA PE: Rhinorrhea, boggy turbinates, pharyngeal erythema Diag by: clinically SA: do not confuse symptoms of CP and SOB w/ MI, and PE |
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Otitis Media (middle ear infection) |
etiology: infection of tympanic membrane CC: ear pain Assoc Sx: fever, sore throat, dry cough, congestion PE: erythema, effusion, dullness/bulging of TM Diag by: clincially |
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Strep throat |
etiology: infection of tonsils and pharynx causing swollen lymph nodes and sore throat CC: sore throat Assoc Sx: PE: pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar hypertrophy (enlargement), tonsillar exudates Diag by: rapid strep SA: abx help, peri-tonsillar abscess a concern |
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conjunctivits |
etiology: infection of outer lining of eye CC: eye redness, irritation, pain Assoc Sx: eyelid matting, discharge, fever PE: conjunctival exudates, edema, exudates Diag by: clinically |
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epistaxis |
Risk factors:htn, blood thinners (Coumadin, wayfarin, ASA, plavix) SA: cauterize or rhino-rocket to stop bleeding, make sure pt on thinners have coagulation labs |
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muscoskeletal back pain |
pert neg: no LE weakness, no incontinence PE: Paraspinal tenderness, positive straight leg raise
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extremity injury |
pert neg: no motor weakness, no numbness or tingling PE: distal circulation, sensory, motor, tendon intact SA: document splint app proc. note |
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AAA |
etiology: weakened arterial wall at risk of rupture CC: midline abdominal pain PE: midline pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal bruit, unequal femoral pulses, hypotension Diag by: CT A/P w/ IV contrast dye |
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aortic dissection |
etiology: separation of muscular wall from membrane of artery, risk of aortic rupture CC: CP (radiating or tearing) to back PE: unequal brachial or radial pulses, hypotension Diag by: CT chest w/ contrast dye |
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DVT |
etiology: clot & occlusion of vein Risk factors: DVT, PE, Surgery, cancer, immobility, pregnancy, smoking, LE trauma, LE casts BCP CC: extremity pain and swelling PE: calf tenderness, cords, horman's sign Diag by: US, doppler of extremity |
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cellulitis |
etiology:infection of skin cells CC: swollen, red painful area of skin PE: erythema, edema, calor, induration Diag by: clinically assoc med: abx |
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abscess |
cellulitis w/ fluctuance (purulent, pus-pocket) SA: must have pus-pocket drained (I&D procedure note) |
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rash |
etiology: may be due to systemic or localized rxn CC: pruritic or painful PE:urticaria (hives), macules (flat), papules (raised bumps), vesicles (small blisters), blanching (not dangerous), petechaie (dangerous), purpura (dangerous) Diag by: clinically |
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allergy |
etiology: swelling, itching, rash
CC: Rash, itching, swelling, SOB PE: edema, facial angioedema, urticaria diag: clinically SA: Anaphylaxis (life-threatening allergy) or respiratory failure |
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allergy |
SOB, swelling, itching, rash |
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adverse rxn |
N/V/D, abdominal pain, dizziness, |
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DKA |
etiology: shortage of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and production of ketons Risk factors: DM CC: vomiting w/ history or DM Assoc Sx: SOB, polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (increase urination) PE: ketotic odor, dry mucous membrane, tachypnea Diag by: arterial blood gas showing low pH (acidosis) or positive serum ketones |
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diff dx |
list doctor considers when dx |
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pert + |
symptoms that raise physician concern for certain disease |
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pert - |
not present symptoms causing pt to doubt certain diagnoses |
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pleura |
membrane lining thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covering lungs (visceral pleura) |
