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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fedralism |
U.S. first country to adopt this system of government significant governmental powers are divided between federal and state governments |
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Enumerated Powers |
specific powers given to Congress |
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Concurrent Powers |
powers that are shared by the federal and state governments (power to tax, right to borrow money, can establish courts, charter banks, spend money for general welfare) |
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Reserved Powers |
powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the States or to the people |
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Supremacy Clause |
states that in situations of conflict between states and federal law that federal law is supreme |
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Necessary and proper Clause |
gives Congress the authority to enact any laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated powers |
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Full Faith and Credit Clause |
provides that the various states must recognize legislative acts, public records, and judicial decisions of the other states with the U.S. |
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Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) |
New York legislature granted Robert Fulton exclusive navigating privileges on all waters within the jurisdiction of the state Ogden obtained license from New York Gibbons had a coasting license from federal gov. state vs national powers argument court sided with Gibbons |
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Barron V. Baltimore (1833) |
Decided whether U.S. Bill of Rights could be applied to state and local governments Barron sued for damage to his dock from city Marshall court argued that Bill of Rights did not apply to states; only the national gov. is bound by them |
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Nullification Doctrine |
this was used to justify the southern states resistance to national actions to limit slavery John C. Calhoun theorized that the federal government functions merely as the agent of the states |
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Equal Protection Clause |
declares that all people get the equal protection of laws |
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13th Amendment |
amendment that ended slavery in U.S. |
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Privileges and Immunities Clause |
declares that no state can deny any citizen the privileges and immunities of American citizen |
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Due Process Clause |
limit states abilities to deprive citizens of their legal rights |
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14th Amendment |
Amendment which included: priviliges and immunities clause, due process clause, equal protection clause |
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15th Amendment |
Amendment that prohibits federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous servitude |
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Missouri Compromise 1820 |
first major legislative compromise passed to settle the slavery issue by drawing a line between slave and free territory |
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Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
declared that people born in the U.S. and not subject to any foreign power are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. Johnson vetoed it and for the first time Congress overcame a veto with a 2/3 majoirty |
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McCulloh V. Maryland (1819) |
state argued that the national government had no authority to charter a bank since it is not the explicitly given this power in the constitution affirmed the doctrine of national supremacy implied power |
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Dredd Scott V. Sanford (1857) |
supreme court case that ruled African Americans, regardless if they were slaves or free, could not be considered citizens and therefore, had no right to sue in federal court |
