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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different fungal classifications? |
1)Chytridiomycota 2)Zygomycota 3)Basidiomycota 4)Ascomycota -mycota ending means fungi |
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What are mycoses |
Human and animal fungal disease |
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Mortality from what infections exceeds 50% |
Opportunistic infections |
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What are the 3 problems with treating fungal infections? |
–Fungalpathogens (like humans) are euckaryotes –Sharesome biological processes with humans –Antifungaldrugs can be TOXIC when used therapeutically. |
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What are the 5 ways fungi can be beneficial? |
1. Recycling 2. Plant growth 3. Food 4. Medicines 5. Biocontrol |
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How are can fungi be helpful by recycling? |
•Fungi (and bacteria)-responsible for mostof the recycling which returns dead material to the soil in a form in which itcan be reused. |
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How are fungi be helpful for plant growth |
•extremely importantfor the growth of most plants, includingcrops, through the development of mycorrhizalassociations. |
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How are fungi food? |
•Used as food (mushrooms) and are used inthe production of many other foods (blue cheese dressing, soy sauce) and drinks(tea). |
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How are fungi helpful for medicines |
•produce antibiotic substances (such aspenicillin), which are widely used to control diseases in human and animalpopulations. |
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How are fungi helpful for biocontrol |
•fungal spores can be used to controlinsect pests of crops (ex: Chinesecaterpillar fungus, which parasitize insects). |
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T/F Fungi are eukaryotes and have nuclearstructure |
True |
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T/F Fungi do not produce filamentous structures and spores |
False they do |
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T/F Fungi have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan |
False, they do have a cell wall but it does not contain peptiodglycan it contains B-glucan, chitin, and mannans |
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What are the ribosomes found in fungi |
60s/40s subunits |
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WHat lives on decaying material |
Saprobes |
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T/F Fungi do not need to colonize or infecttissues to perpetuate the species |
True |
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What does the fungal cell wall contian |
Chitin Glucans Mannas |
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What is the chitin layer composed of? |
N-acetyl glucosamine |
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T/F Most fungal infections are dealtwith solely by the normal immune response. |
True |
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T/F Antifungal treatment is notnecessary. |
True |
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When should you use antifungal drugs? |
1. When immune response is overwhelmed byexposure to a large infective dose, antifungal agents can be lifesaving. 2. Individualswith ↓immune functions areunable to eradicate the organisms; need systemic antifungal Tx |
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What are the major mechanisms involved in fungi infection? |
–directinvasion –displacementor destruction of vital anatomic structures –effectsof the inflammatory response. |
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What are dermatophytes |
Dermatophytes are fungi that can causeinfections of the skin, hair, and nails due to their ability to utilizekeratin. |
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Where do dermatophytes infect? |
the stratum corneum, hair shafts, and nails |
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What is the delayed CMI? |
(type IV hypersensitivity)response to slow-growing organisms causechronic infection of keratinized tissues. |
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What is tinea capitis |
•Causedby superficial fungal infection of the skin of the scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes. •Apropensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles •Consideredto be a form of superficial mycosis or Dermaphytosis |
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What is tinea corporis |
•Characterizedby either inflammatory or non- inflammatory lesions on the glabrous skin (skin regions other than the scalp, groin palms and soles of feet) |
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What is tinea pedis? |
AKA: “athlete’sfoot” Mostcommon dermatophytosis Moisturefrom sweating(facilitatesfungal growth) Occursin several forms• Thickening of the soles of feet•Infectionbetween webs of feet |
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What is tinea barbae |
•Infectionof the beard and moustache areas of face with a dermatophyte fungus •Lesscommon than tinea capitis |
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How is generally affected by tinea barbae |
Older adolescent and adult men |
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What is tinea barbae usually accompanied by? |
by bacterial folliculitis and inflammation secondary to ingrown hairs |
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What is tinea faciei? |
Superficialdermatophyte infection limited to the glabrousskin of the face (in menit isreferred to as Tinea barbrae). |
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What is tinea unguium (onychomycosis) |
Infectionof the toenails and/or fingernailswhichmay involve any component of the nailunitincluding the matrix, bed and/or plate |
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What are opportunistic mycoses |
•Causedby fungi with low inherent virulence •e.g.,aspergillosis,candidiasis, cryptococcosis •Immune-impairedhosts only |
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What are risk factors for opportunistic mycoses |
•diabetes,lymphomas, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, prosthetic implants, and AIDS. |
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What is the most important host defense in elimination of many fungi? |
T-cell mediated immunity |
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What is canadia spp. |
Think yeast infection |
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What are aspergillosis |
Hyaline(monomorphic) mold with hyphae (branching in acute angles); arrangement ofconidia are characteristic |
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What is the clinical relevance aspergillosis |
–Allergic broncho-pulmonaryaspergillosis –Lung cavity aspergilloma(“fungusball”) –Invasive aspergillosis |
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What is the epidemiology of aspergillosis |
Conidiaare airborne during construction |
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What is the pathogenesis of aspergilosis |
•alveolar macrophages kill conidia –PMNs attack hyphae (angio-invasive) -eosinophilic white cells and IgE in allergic reactions |
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What is Zygo/Mucormycosis? |
•Zygomycosis (or Mucormycosis) - adangerous fungal infection |
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What are the risk factors for contracting Zygo/Mucormycosis? |
•ketoacidoticdiabetic, leukemia, and in immunocompromised, burn patients, and those on steroidaltherapy. |
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Where does mucors affect? |
Regions of the eye and nose |
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Where is the after growth and destruction of Zygo/Mucormycosis |
Aftergrowth and destruction of the peri-orbital tissues, invades the braincavity |
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What is crytococcosis |
•Found in soil and pigeon droppings;infection occurs by inhalation |
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What stands out about cryptococcosis |
–Encapsulation - Evasion of host response |
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What is the anatomical location, disease, and major agents associated with cutaneous mycoses |
Anatomic location: Dead layer of skin Skin, hair, nail Disease: Dermatophytosis(ringworm) Major Agents: Dermatophytes |
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What is the anatomical location, disease, and major agents associated with subcutaneous mycoses |
Anatomic location: Subcutis, lymphatics Disease: Sporotrichosis Major Agents: Sporothrix |
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What is the anatomical location, disease, and major agents associated with opportunistic mycoses |
Anatomic location: Overgrowth (mucosal) or systemicin ICPs Disease:Candidiasis Major Agents: Candida |
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What is the anatomical location, disease, and major agents associated with systemic mycoses |
Anatomic location: Deep organs (e.g., lungs,bloodstream, kidney, CNS) and skin (dissemination) Disease: HistoplasmosisBlastomycosisCoccidioidomycosis Major Agents: Primary (systemic) pathogens: Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides |
