Lecture 24: Protozoa

Front 1

A protozoan is also called the "first animal." It is ____ and ____

Back 1

unicellular and eukaryotic

Front 2

Protozoans are found in ____

Back 2

moist habitats

Front 3

Most protozoans are _____ and do not have ____

Back 3

heterotrophic
chlorophyll

Front 4

Most protozoans eat about 5 million bacteria/day. They take in nutrients by engulfing food particles. What protozoan does not have chlorophyll?

Back 4

Euglena

Front 5

Protozoans are more complex than bacteria, therefore, they take longer to ____

Back 5

replicate

Front 6

More complex than bacteria, take longer to replicate. Therefore, diseases caused by protozoans generally have a _____

Back 6

longer incubation time

Front 7

Protozoa are classified by type of movement. What are four types of protozoa?

Back 7

1) amoebas
2) flagellates
3) ciliatees
4) apicomplexans (sporozoans)

Front 8

WHat is unique about apicomplexans (sporozoans)?

Back 8

don't move in adult form

Front 9

Structure of protozoans. Typical eukaryotic cell with added features. Some, but not all. What is the rigid structure of protein?

Back 9

pellicle

Front 10

What are the organelles which expel/uptake water in freshwater protozoa?

Back 10

contractile vacuoles

Front 11

What are the structures for independent motion? (any type of organelle that assists motion)

Back 11

locomotor organelles

Front 12

What are two growth forms of protozoa?

Back 12

trophozoite
cyst

Front 13

Trophozoite

Back 13

feeding form of protozoan

Front 14

cyst

Back 14

similar to spore. dormant form, protozoan will form thick case around itself during times of environmental stress

Front 15

Reproduction

Back 15

Reproduction generally is asexual, although some protozoa have sexual stage.

Front 16

Amoebas move by ____

Back 16

pseudopodia

Front 17

Amoebas move by pseudopodia. ___ and ____ involved in amoeboid motion

Back 17

actin and myosin

Front 18

Pseudopodia capture small algae/other protozoa with process of ____

Back 18

phagocytosis

Front 19

How big are amoebas?

Back 19

up to 1mm in size

Front 20

What is the name of one type of amoeba?

Back 20

acanthamoeba castellani

Front 21

Acanthamoeba castellani can cause _______

Back 21

corneal infections in those who wear contact lenses

Front 22

Acanthamoeba castellani will grow in tap water and can cause ____ if serious

Back 22

blindness

Front 23

What lives at the bottom of the REd Sea?

Back 23

Radiolarian ooze

Front 24

What do radiolarians and foraminiferans have?

Back 24

pedicle

Front 25

What represents 1/2 of all protozoa?

Back 25

flagellates

Front 26

Flagellates move by flagella. Some free-living, others live with plants or animals. Name 3 flagellates

Back 26

1) Giardia lamblia
2) Pfiesteria piscicida
3) Euglena

Front 27

Giardia lamblia causes what disease?

Back 27

giardiasis

Front 28

Pfiesteria piscicida does what?

Back 28

kill fish with toxins

Front 29

Euglena is unique because?

Back 29

it contains chlorophyll

Front 30

Ciliates have cilia in longitudinal or spiral rows. THey have a primitive _____ and ____

Back 30

gullet and 'mouth'

Front 31

what are 3 special features of ciliates?

Back 31

1) Kappa factors
2) trichocysts
3) contractile vacuoles

Front 32

kappa factors

Back 32

encode toxins, kill kappa-less ciliates

Front 33

trichocysts

Back 33

organelles discharge filaments to trap prey

Front 34

contractile vacuoles

Back 34

freshwater species only

Front 35

Describe sexual recombination in paramecium

Back 35

A) Two cells make contact and a cytoplasmic brdige forms between them.
B) The micronucleus in each undergoes meiosis to form four micronuclei per cell.
C) Three micronuclei disintegrate and the one remaining undergoes mitosis.
D) An exchange of micronuclei takes place.
E) The cells separate, the micronuclei fuse, and the macronuclei disintegrate.
F) A new macronucleus forms in each cell from mitotic divisions of the micronucleus

Front 36

Apicomplexans have _____ in adult form

Back 36

no motion

Front 37

Apicomplexans. One end of cell (apex) contains complex for ______

Back 37

penetrating host cells

Front 38

Apicomplexans include many ______ protozoa

Back 38

parasitic

Front 39

What are some diseases caused by amoebas and flagellates?

Back 39

1) Amoebiasis
2) Giardiasis
3) Trypanosomiasis (Central African sleeping sickness & East African and South American Chagas Disease)
4) Leishmaniasis

Front 40

What is the causative agent of amoebiasis?

Back 40

Entamoeba histolytica

Front 41

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by contaminated food/water. It passes through the stomach as _____ and emerges as ____

Back 41

cysts
trophozoites

Front 42

Using their protein-digesting enzymes, called ____, the amoebas penetrate the wall of the large intestine, causing _____ and ___

Back 42

proteases
lesions and ulcers

Front 43

Proteases cause lesions/ulcers in intestine. It may spread to other organs through blood and cause ____

Back 43

fatal abscesses

Front 44

Symptoms of amoebiasis

Back 44

pain, bloody stools, not much diarrhea

Front 45

What is used to treat amoebiasis?

Back 45

Metronidazole and paromycin

Front 46

Metronidazole (brand name = Flagyl) and paromycin are useed to treat amoebiasis, but the drugs do not affect the ____, and repeated attacks of amoebiasis may occur for months or years.

Back 46

amoebiasis

Front 47

Giardia Lamblia is a flagellate with 4 pairs of ___ and 2 ____

Back 47

flagella
nuclei

Front 48

Giardia lamblia is transmitted by water contaminated with feces. examples?

Back 48

beavers carry cysts, daycare workers

Front 49

Cysts can survive really cold water, and are not killed by ____

Back 49

chlorine

Front 50

Giardiasis. Cysts pass through stomach, trophozoites emerge in ____

Back 50

duodenum

Front 51

Suckers stick to intestinal lining, cover surface of intestine without invading. What are the symptoms of Giardiasis?

Back 51

extensive diarrhea, cramps, flatulence, nausea

Front 52

People infected with giardia lamblia can become carriers for years. What's the test for giardiasis?

Back 52

Enterotest capsule.

Swallow gelative pill at end of string. It goes down stomach to intestines. Pull back up and see if trophozoites of giardia are stuck

Front 53

What is giardiasis treates with?

Back 53

quinacrine, furzolidine, metronidazole