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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 renal processes
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1. filtration
2. reabsorption 3. secretion |
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process of urine formation
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ultrafiltration, bowmans capsule, fluid becomes glomerulus filtrate, plasma is free of proteins, produce 180ml/day
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where does filtration occur
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bowmans capsule
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where does absorption take place
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the proximal convoluted tubule
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where does secretion take place
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collecting duct/distal convoluted tuble
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the amount of substance excrete from the body equals
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filtrate - absorbed +secreted
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what particles travel through active transport
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Na, glucose, amino acids, vitamine, K, Cl
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what particles travel through passive transport
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water , urea, fat soluable substances
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how are drugs secreted?
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organic ion transporters of the PCT
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what does aldosterone cause?
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decrease in blood K levels
high rate of Na reabsorption which increases blood volume |
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renin
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hormone released by kidnsey when Na levels are low
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Renin-Angiotensin System”.
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activates the production of adrosterone to increase Na levels
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what is the relation btw Na, H, and K?
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Na causes secreation of H and K, increase extracellular H creates movement into the cell and K out
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in sever acidosis H is secreted at teh expense of what?
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K+
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what is secreted by the posterior pituitary glands?
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ADH aka vassopressin
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what does ADH do?
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conserves water by reducing urine output
put water channels in collecting duct |
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what happends in negative feedback?
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increase in blood volume decrease in osmolarity
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_______ is maintained first then blood volume is maintained next
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osmolarity
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how do kidnseys help regulate pH
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excreting H and reabsortion of HCO3
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HCO3 can only be absorbed in what form
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carbonic acid
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alkalosis
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Too much HCO3 in plasma
-no carbon acid |
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acidosis
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Too much H+ in plasma
-YES carbonic acid |
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3 ways to test kidneys fuction
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1. glomerulus filtration rate
2. renal plasma clearance 3. renal blood flow |
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a fructose polymer, is useful for measuring
GFR because it is neither reabsorbed or secreted |
inulin
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Quantity (amount) filtered =
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GFR x P
• P = inulin concentration in plasma |
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– Quantity (amount) excreted (mg/min)
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V x U
• V = rate of urine formation; U = inulin concentration in urine |
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amount filtered = amout screated when...
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none is reabsorbed or secreated
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ability of kidney to remove substances from blood
& excrete them in urine |
renal clearance
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Actual clearance (excretion)
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F - R + S
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what fluid balances needs to be checked first?
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urea
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volume of plasma from which a substance is
completely removed/min by excretion in urine |
renal plasma clearance RPC
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when will all filtration be excreated?
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when there is no reabsortion
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when substance is reabsorbed and filtered then
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RPC < GFR
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when substance is filtered secreated and exercreated
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RPC > GFR
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what % of urea is always reabsorbed ?
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40-60%
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RPS =?
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RPC = V X U/P
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what is used to measure total renal blood flow ?
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PAH/.55
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normal avg TRBF?
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635ml/min
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what substances are secreted
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K, H, metabolic waste, medication/drugs
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What equation
shows the relationship among excretion, filtration, reabsorption and secretion |
E= A - F + S
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In the process of filtration, substances move from where to where
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from plasma to thre bowmans capsule
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In the process of reabsorption, substances move from where to where
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nephron tubule to the bloodstream
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In the process of secretion, substances move from where to where
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from bloodstream to nephron tubule
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What hormone controls the water permeability of the distal tubules
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ADH
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Where is ADH hormone produced
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posterior pituitary gland
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Where ADH are its receptors found
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on the tubular epithelial cells of the collecting ducts
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what conditions cause the relsease of ADH?
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low blood volume and high osmolarity
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how does adh affect urine ?
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lowers the amout of urine excreated and increased its osmolarity
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what is another name for AHD
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vassopressin
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what iron is responsible for extracellular fluid volume?
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Na
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the function of aldosterone?
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regulates Na and K concentrations (causes Na absorption and K secretion)
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What type of chemical is aldosterone
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mineralocorticoid
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where is aldosterone produced ?
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cortext of the adrenal glands
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where are the adosterone receptors?
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on epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule
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what activates release of aldoserone?
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1.hypothalmus release of CRH
2. decrease Na or increase K levels |
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what part of the brain is the thirst center found?
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hypothalmus
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what causes thirst?
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dehydration or high salt concentration which increases blood volume osmolarity
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what condition will you have ADH in you system?
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blood volume is low and osmolarity is high
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what conditions will you have adosterone in your system ?
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blood volume and osmolarity is low
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when will BOTH ADH and adosterone be present in system?
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when blood volume and osmolarity is too low
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when will neither ADH or aldosterone be in your system
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blood volume and osmolarity too high
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what hormone regulates K secretion
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aldosterone
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What is the relationship between potassium
and hydrogen secretion? |
As Na+ is reabsorbed into the blood stream, either K+ or H+ can be secreted
back into the tubules |
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high levels of K affect pH by
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creating acidosis by increasing levels of H by secreating K
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high levels of H would affect pH by
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causing hyperkelimia
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if a filtered substance has a concentration in the tubule that is above the renal
threshold (Tmax) for that substance what happens? |
noreabsorption can occur and it will be excreted
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What does the term renal clearance refer to
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how quickly a
substance is removed from the body by excretion in the urine. |
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What
is PAH used for |
measure the total renal blood flow
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