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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromatin
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DNA and histone proteins that are wound around each other and packed together
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histone acetylation
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blocks the positive charges on the histone tails, making them bind DNA less tightly, and resulting in chromatin that is less tightly packed, and can be more easily transcribed
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HAT
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histone acetyltransferase. an enzyme that acetylates histones.
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HDAC
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histone deacetylase. an enzyme that takes acetyl groups off of histones.
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HDAC inhibitors
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these prevent the HDACs from working, which stimulates transcription and triggers memory formation and retrieval.
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epigenetics
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inherited characteristics that are not coded for in the sequence of bases themselves. For example, DNA methylation
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DNA methylation
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expression of methylated genes is prevented
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control elements
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DNA sequences that are separate from a gene but that affect its transcription
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proximal control elements
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control elements located near the gene that they affect
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distal control elements
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control elements located far from the gene that they affect
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enhancer
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a group of distal control elements
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activator
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a transcription factor (protein) that binds to an enhancer and activates transcription
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alternative splicing
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some exons may be spliced out of the mRNA at the same time the introns are. This means that one gene can code for different proteins, because of different splicing patters.
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miRNA
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microRNA. small pieces of RNA that can base pair with mRNA, preventing it from being translated
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