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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Operant Conditioning Model
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type of learning in which behavior is EITHER increased OR decreased due to consequences
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Operant v. Classical conditioning
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Operant is VOLUNTARY
Classical us INVOLUNTARY |
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What is Law of Effect?
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- pleasant consequence --> repeated behavior
-unpleasant --> not tend to be repeated |
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What does environment have to do with reinforcement?
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-indiv. environment provides reinforcing and punishing consequences after behavior
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B.F. Skinner and radical behaviorism
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we are NOT in control of our behavior, BUT by our environment stimulus response
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Positive Reinforcement
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-STRENGTHENED behavior
-making it MORE likely to be repeated -behavior is increased by reward |
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What is contingency?
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when i perform this behavior --> this follows
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Negative Reinforcement
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-behavior is strengthened by REMOVING aversive stimulus
-behavior is increased by avoidance or escape GO to Dr to RID pain. |
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What are the properties of reinforcement?
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-immediacy
-consistency -contingencies |
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Describe the Reinforcement Theory of Drug Use.
-How can a drug act as a + reinforcement? -How can a drug act as a - reinforcement? |
-Positive reinforcers : want MORE and MORE of drug
-Negative reinforcer: alleviate UNPLEASANT withdrawl effects and reinforce drug behavior |
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Avoidance Behavior and Phobias are a TWO FACTOR THEORY. Explain.
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-involves Classical conditioning and Operant Conditioning.
CC: if US is not ass. with CS--> no CS-CR bond (extinguished) OL: maintenance of phobia. they retreat to decrease anxiety (- reinforcement) |
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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** Anxiety dx**
-involves +/- reinforcement -OCD rituals --> - reinforce -common obcessions: contaimination, sex ... -bimodal age onset, 10 , later -Tx: Exposure and Ritual prevention |
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DSM-IV-TR criteria for OCD
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Obsessions:
-recurrent, persistant thoughts -unwanted -recognized as irrational Compulsions: -repetitive behavior -done to REDUCE stress |
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Punishment v. Reinforcement
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Opposite of reinforcement
-consequence WEAKENS behavior -less repeated |
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Positive Punishment
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-use aversive stimulus so that behavior is NOT repeated
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Negative Punishment
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-REMOVAL of pleasant stimulus so that behavior is NOT repeated
-wont let you drive if you break curfew |
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What factors affect Effectiveness of Punishment and reinforcement?
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-immediacy
-consistency -contingency |
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What are the disadvantages of punishment?
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-hates you
-models violence to cope with frustration -teachs ONLY not what to do -undesirable effects: fear -may be a form of + reinforcement ( strengthens bad behavior for reward of Attention) |
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Primary and secondary reinforcers and punishers
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1: naturally reinforcing or punishing- pain or shock
2: involves learning- NO NO works later as a punisher, bc it is associated with pain (1) |
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Satiation
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-problem with 1 reinforcer.
-too much of it --> no longer reinforces |
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Continuous v. intermittent reinforcement
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continuous: learn & extinguish quickly
intermittent: learned & extinguished slowly |
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Superstitious Behavior
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-brain by chance makes an association
-coincidental |
