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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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As with other humanistic theorists, Constructive Alternativism influenced Kelly's Personal Construct Theory (1955). |
No objective reality outside of our perceptions, we can change what we see. |
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What aspects of Kelly's theory agreed with aspects of Maslow and Rogers' theories? |
Rejected unconscious freudian instincts (id). Focussed on how an individual views the world. |
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However, unlike Maslow and Rogers' self actualisation, Kelly took a more cognitive approach in terms of what motivates behaviour. |
Behaviour is directed to interpret the future and control their environment; reducing uncertainty was the motivator. |
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Kelly believed humans acted like scientists; constructing and testing theories. |
Because behaviour is future orientated and responds actively to the environment (reconstruct). |
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What did Kelly describe to be a personal construct? |
Modification of identified patterns in similar events that are imposed on the environment to interpret and control it. They are specific to and responsible for the way an individual perceives reality. Reality doe not exist independently of them. |
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How is a personal construct formed? |
1. Experience an event. 2. Recognises a pattern. 3. Places meaning on this pattern. |
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Constructs a bi-polar. |
Thought of in relation to e.g. good-bad. |
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How does construing replications allow people to interpret and predict their external environment? |
Constructs are modified if not proven. |
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How do people use the C-P-C cycle to turn constructs into actions? Circumspection - Pre-emption - Control. |
Novel event... C- Search through existing, relevant constructs. P- Choose the most appropriate. C- Apply it. |
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C-P-C Cycle: If the applied construct does not work, what is the result? |
The construct is not validated, so the individual continues to be faced with novel situations out of their control = ANXIETY. |
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Who does psychotherapy aim to help? |
To help 'neurotic' people who use the same constructs without validation = -ve outcomes = anxiety. Emotional problems are perceptual problems. |
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Psychotherapy involves the use of Kelly's Role Repertory Test (REP Test) to examine and expand people's constructs, how? |
Diagnosis of clients constructs by asking for 20 names of people they know, who are divided into groups of 3. Clients then state how they are alike and different to them. Fixed Role Therapy of how a specific named individual would use their healthier constructs in a particular situation, without anxiety = internalises healthier constructs. |
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Supporting Kelly's Personal Construct Theory using the REP Test. |
More complex construct systems are generally more psychologically healthy (Bieri, 1955). Widely used research tool for identifying HOW people think in situations i.e. marriage counselling, advertising (Hergenhahn and Olsen, 2003). |
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Criticism of Kelly's Theory states he leaves many psychological questions unanswered. |
Construct origins? Why do different people interpret the same events differently? Are people cognitive misers rather than scientists? |
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Support for Kelly's theory in it's wide application across clinical settings. |
Fixed role therapy is the first example of CBT; based on the idea that psychological dysfunction arise from inaccurate cognitions. |
