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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glia
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- Support cells for neurons that regulate the environment and give them substrate
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Neurons and what makes them unique
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- Cells of the nervous system
- Do not reproduce throughout life - Have polarity - Have axons and dendrites |
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Antereograde vs Retrograde
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- Antereograde: away from cell body
- Retrograde: toward cell body |
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Staining Techniques
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* Thionin: selectively stains cell bodies
* Golgi: stain certain stains * Myelin: stains myelin -- can see axons |
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Parts of the Nervous System
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* PNS: nerves that go from muscles, skin, tendons, organs, etc
* CNS: brain and spinal cord * Autonomic: part of PNS, regulates automatic bodily functions |
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Rostral
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- Closer to upper end of brain
- Toward head |
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Caudal
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- Toward the tail
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Medial
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- Close to midline
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Lateral
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- Farther from midline
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Dorsal
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- Near the back
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Ventral
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- Near the belly
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Nerves
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- Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system
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Meninges
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- Hardly any immune cells in the CNS
- Types of Meninges: 1. dura mater: tough leathery tissue that covers entire CNS 2. arachnoid membrane: thinner membrane below the dura mater 3. pia mater: thin membrane that lies above neurons of the brain * subarachnoid space: where arteries enter the brain, between arachnoid membrane and pia mater |
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Blood Brain Barrier
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- Astrocytes send processes onto walls of capillaries entering brain called glial foot
- Glial foot surrounds capillaries and form fatty tissue around them so that only fat-soluable things can get through -- prevents bacteria and viruses from getting into the brain - Only selective substances can normally move into brain from blood |
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Meningitis
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- Infections of the meninges of the brain
- Can cause swelling -- dangerous because skull has no room to accommodate swelling |
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Drugs and the BBB
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Drug's journey through body:
Stomach - intestine - bloodstream - liver - broken down - heart - lungs - heart - distributed to rest of body - 20% goes to brain, rest goes to kidney - liver Effect of drug dependent on ability to cross BBB |
