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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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germ cell
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gametes (egg / sperm)
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homologues
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2 copies of each chromosome, same genes but may have different alleles
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mitosis ?
in prokaryotes |
cell cloning, resulting in 2 identical cells.
binary fission |
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kinetochore
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protein structure where spindles attach
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interphase
3 stages |
when the cell gets ready to divide
G1-growth S-DNA replication G2-growth and preparation for division |
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stages of mitosis
6 |
prophase
prometaphase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis |
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Prophase
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DNA condenses
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Prometaphase
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Prometaphase-nuclear envelope disappears, spindle forming
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up
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Anaphase
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Anaphase
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telophase
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nuclear envelope reforms, cells separate (cytokinesis)
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centrosome
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shit at ends that anchors microtubules
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Meiosis
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Haploid gametes form
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Meiosis I
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cells get one of each set, this one is still attached to its sister chromatid
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Meiosis II
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sister chromatids are pulled apart
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substages of prophase I
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LEPTOTENA
ZYGOTENA |
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telophase
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nuclear envelope reforms, cells separate (cytokinesis)
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centrosome
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shit at ends that anchors microtubules
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Meiosis
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Haploid gametes form
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Meiosis I
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cells get one of each set, this one is still attached to its sister chromatid
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Meiosis II
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sister chromatids are pulled apart
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substages of prophase I
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LEPTOTENA
ZYGOTENA PACHYTENA DIPLOTENA DIAKINESIS |
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LEPTOTENA
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stage 1
Replicated chromosomes condense. |
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ZYGOTENA
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stage 2
Synapsis begins. |
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PACHYTENA
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stage 3
Crossing over has occurred. |
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DIPLOTENA
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stage 4
Synaptonemal complex dissociates. |
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DIAKINESIS
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last stage of prophase 1
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Zygotena
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Homologues line up and are attached to each other by the synaptonemal complex
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Pachytena
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Line up
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After Meiosis 1 cells are considered what?
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haploid
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Meiosis 1
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Prophase-DNA condensed so easier to handle and recombination occurs
Metaphase I-Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle to be sorted Anaphase I-Homologous chromosomes pulled apart Telophase I-Cells divide |
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Meiosis II
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same steps, nets 4 haploid cells
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Law of Independent Assortment
at what stage? |
The random nature of the lining up of chromosomes at metaphase I leads to the random assortment of chromosomes into the gametes
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if a Gene is X Linked
In humans In animals |
if the trait affects only males or predominantly males, then it is probably X-linked
If all F1s are the same, then autosomal If F1 phenotype varies based upon gender, then the gene is X-linked |
