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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Louis Pasteur |
- Disproved the spontaneous generation theory using the swan-necked flask: dusk particles resulted in growth of microorganisms |
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John Tyndall
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Created a dust-free box coated with glycerin to trap dust and twisted tubes that allowed air but no dust entry that will eventually reach open tubes containing boiled broth |
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Role of microorganisms in disease |
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Agostinoi Bassi |
Show microorganisms can cause disease in silkworms, started the "germ theory of disease" |
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Joseph Lister |
Influenced by Pasteur's work Heat sterilized his instruments and used phenol on wound dressing Prevent infections: indirectly proved microorganisms can cause diseases |
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Robert Koch |
Injected healthy mice with material from diseased mice Transferred anthrax through a series of mice: all got sick Incubated a piece of spleen from sick mice in beef broth: bacteria grew and produced endospores Isolated endospores and inject into healthy mice: got sick (anthrax) |
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Koch's postulates |
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A MICROORGANISM AND A SPECIFIC DISEASE - The microorganism must be present in patients but not in healthy individuals - Isolation and growth of microorganism on a pure culture - Inoculation of the isolated microorganism will induce disease in a healthy host - Same organism must be isolated again from the diseased host |
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Development of techniques to study microorganisms |
- Liquid culture: mixed - Solid surface: clonal culture (pure culture that originated from a single cell) - Petri dish: a media similar to the body fluids |
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Immunological studies |
Edward Jenner immunized against smallpox using cowpox vaccine |
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Louis Pasteur |
Created the first attenuated vaccine - Grew pure cultures of human pathogens - Attenuate them by heating or adding potassium bichromate - They did not cause disease but confer immunity (immunological protection) |
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Rabies vaccine |
attenuated by growth of rabies in an abnormal host (rabbit) |
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Classification of living organisms |
Phylogeny vs. taxonomy |
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Phylogeny |
Evolutionary based Natural classification of organisms Microorganisms are left out until the 60s |
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Taxonomy |
Artificial classification based on visual similarities Still used to name organisms |
