Lecture 2-3 Anatomy

Front 1

4 types of connective tissue

Back 1

1. connective tissue proper.

2. cartilage.

3. bone.

4. blood.

Front 2

Connective Tissue (CT) Proper

Back 2

All mature CT except bone, cartilage and blood.

- blast stage = fibroblast

- mature stage = fibrocyte

2 subsets

loose and dense.

Front 3

3 Types of Loose CT

Back 3

Areolar

Adepose

Reticular

Front 4

Describe: Areolar Loose CT

Back 4

Semifluid ground substance

Front 5

Functions: Areolar Loose CT

Back 5

Reservoir for water and salts.

Retains fluids during inflammation. (EDEMA)

Cushions and separates.

Most widely distributed in the body!

Front 6

Describe Reticular Loose CT

Back 6

Delicate network of support.

Front 7

Describe: Adipose Loose CT

Back 7

Fat!

Protective.

Stores energy.

Insulator.

Front 8

Dense (or Fiborous) CT

Back 8

Large # of collagenous and elastic fibers.

3 Types!

Front 9

3 Types of Dense (or Fiborous) CT

Back 9

Dense Regular CT

Dense Irregular CT

Elastic

Front 10

Describe: Dense (or Fibourous) Regular CT

Back 10

Fibers arranged in parallel bundles and are flexible.

Ex. Tendons and ligaments.

Front 11

Describe: Dense (or Fibourous) Irregular CT

Back 11

Same as regular, but fibers are arranged in irregular directions. Let's it be strong in my different directions.

Ex. Join capsules, dermis, fasciae.

Front 12

Describe: Dense (or Fibourous) Elastic CT

Back 12

Made of mostly elastic fibers.

Ex. Vocal Cords.

Ligaments connecting adjacent vertabrae.

Front 13

Define Fascia:

Back 13

Sheets or layers of tissue that hold muscle and other structures in place but do allow movement to some degree.

Front 14

Functions: Fascia

Back 14

Hold muscle and other structures.

Support blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels.

Front 15

3 types of fascia

Back 15

Subcutancous fascia

deep fascia

subserous

Front 16

Define: Subcutancous fascia

Back 16

outer layer of continuous sheet between skin and deep fascia.

Allows skin to move freely over underlying structures!

Front 17

Define: deep fascia

Back 17

Sheets and bands of connective tissue that covers muscles etc. Glistening white!

Can be thickened to receive muscle pull (IT Band).

Layers form muscle compartments.

Forms Bursae!

Front 18

Define: subserous fascia

Back 18

Within body cavities and allow organs to move on each other while providing secure attachment.

Front 19

Cartilage

Back 19

Firm, resilent connective tissue.

- Gel like matrix that contains.

+ large # of collagen fibers.

+ some elastic and reticular fibers.

+ ground substance.

Front 20

What does the Perichondrium do for cartilage?:

Back 20

It is a dense irregular CT membrane that is well vascularized to help get blood to the cartilage.

Front 21

3 Groups of cartilage

Back 21

1. Hyaline

2. Fibrocartilage (white fibrous)

3. Elastic (Yellow)

Front 22

Describe Hyaline Cartilage:

Back 22

Glossy blue/white.

Matrix: very fine collagenous fibers.

Most abundant!

Ex: costal cartilage, nasal septum, larynx.

Front 23

Describe Fibrocartilage:

Back 23

Is white and fibrous.

Matrix: dense masses of collagenous fibers.

Super Tough, not flexible.

Ex: articular disc, menisci of knee.

Function: shock absorber, joint stability.

Front 24

Describe Elastic Yellow Cartilage:

Back 24

Dense network of electric fibers. More resilant and elastic than others.

Ex: Ear Cartilage and Epiglotus.

Function: Gives form and shape and protection.

Front 25

Bone:

Back 25

hard connective tissue.

Matrix: hard

Blast - osteoblast (osteo = bone)

Front 26

define Osteocyte:

Back 26

Bone cell

Front 27

Blood:

Back 27

fluid type of CT

Blast: hemocytoblast

Types: erthrocytes, leukocytes etc...

Front 28

4 Types of Tissues

Back 28

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Muscle

4. Nervous

Front 29

Muscle Tissue:

Back 29

3 Types classified by location.

Front 30

3 types of muscle tissue

Back 30

Skeletal

visceral

cardiac

Front 31

Describe skeletal muscle tissue:

Back 31

Location: Skeletal

Appearance: striated

Control Voluntary

Front 32

Describe visceral muscle tissue:

Back 32

Location: Visceral

Appearance: Smooth

Control: Involuntary

Front 33

Describe Cardiac muscle tissue:

Back 33

Location: Cardiac

Appearance: Striated

Control: Involuntary

Front 34

Nervous Tissues:

Back 34

Consists of Nerve cells and neuroglial (non conducting) cells.

Front 35

What is a membrane:

Back 35

Thin layer which

- covers a surface

- lines a cavity

- divides a space or organ.

Front 36

What membranes does the body have?

Back 36

1 synovial

3 epitheclial

Front 37

What is a synovial membrane?

Back 37

Consists of connective tissue.

Lines joint cavities.

Front 38

What is an epithelial membrane?

Back 38

Makes simple organs.

Front 39

3 types of epithelial membranes.

Back 39

Serous membrane

Mucous membrane

Cutaneous membrane

Front 40

Define the Serous membrane and its functions:

Back 40

moist membrane that lines body cavities NOT OPEN to the outside of body. Covers organs and secretes fluid for lubrication.

Ex: peritonium, peridcardium.

Front 41

The serous membrane has 2 layers. Describe

Back 41

Parietal layer lines cavity

visceral layer reflects back on organs.

Front 42

Define the Mucous membrane and its functions:

Back 42

Lines cavities open to the outside for protection absorbsion and secretion.

Ex: respiratory and digestive track.

Mucous doesnt mean boogers.

Front 43

Define Cutaneous membrane and functions

Back 43

Skin, primary organ of integumentary system.

Function: excretion, sensation, vitamin d synth, blood resevoir.