Lecture 15:learning And Memory

Front 1

learning=
memory=

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-process by which experiences change NS
-process that encodes,stores and retrieves learning experience

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habituation

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simple form of learning, waning of sensitivity to repeated stimuli

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associative learning

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-arrange relationship between two events
-involves connections between circuits in perception and movement
-resulting behaviour either reflexive or complicated seq of previously learned movements
-two categories classical and instrumental conditioning

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classical conditioning

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stimulus that before had no effect now able to cause reflexive conditioned response
involve repeated pairing of two stimuli

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in example where neutral/conditioned stimulus=tone and conditioned response=eye blink, the UCS(airpuff) detected by neuron in___system.CS by__system. CR controlled by __system. When Ap reaches synapse T(auditory) the ___is too weak to make neuron fire synapse P(somatosensory) strong enough since eye blink is __reflex. For conditioning __must be followed by___ right away

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somatosensory,auditory,motor,EPSP,defensive,CS,UCS

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Hebb rule

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-learning involve synapse strengthening when repeatedly active

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instrument (operant )conditioning

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-animal adjusts behaviour according to consequences of that behaviour
-involve association of stimulus and response, also response and reward/outcome

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perceptual learning

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ability to learn to recognize stimuli that seen before via visual,sounds,smell,movement

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motor learning

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learning to make new response, cannot happen without sensory guidance from environment

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learning involve (3) components

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perceptual,associative,motor

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relational learning
spatial learning
episodic learning

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-learning about relationships between stimuli
-learn about relations of stimuli in space
-allow us to remember seq of events that we see

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synaptic plasticity=

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changes in structure/bio chem of synapses

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___important structure in learning/memory and has lots of plasticity. This plasticity helped by ___.

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hippocampus, long term potentiation

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LTP cause

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long term strengthening of synapses between two neurons this is Hebb Rule in action

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hippocamps (ca1-ca4), dentate gyrus and subicular complex=____ which is found in__lobe

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hippocampal formation, temporal

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any perpendicular slice to long axis in hippocampal formation will contain

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same circuit

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size of first____tells us the synaptic strength before LTP occurs. Can induce LTP if we stimulate the __path with high freq/intensity

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population EPSP,perforant

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with LTP lots of axons stimulated fast. this stimulation causes

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EPSP's to summate=depolarized postsynaptic membrane

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long term depression=__when it happen

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weakening of synaptic strength,after slow rate of low freq stimulation of synaptic inputs

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LTD also plays role in (2)

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learning and memory

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CA1 of hippo has__receptors important role in__

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NMDA glutamate,LTP

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NMDA receptors control___channels that blocked normally by

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calcium ion,magnesium ion

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drugs blockin NMDA receptor (like ap5) prevent

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calcium entering dendrite, blocks LTP

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synaptic strength during LTP due to ___receptors. they control __channels and are found in clusters on ____.

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AMPA glutamate,Na,dendritic spine

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when get LTP AMPA receptors

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flood into dendrite spine of CA1 neurons

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movement of AMP caused by

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calcium dependent enzyme:type 2calcium-calmodulin kinase=CaM-KII

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CaM-KII can____which means it can

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autophosphorylate, attach phosphate to place on molecule,allows it to remain active by itself without need for calcium

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terminal button release___bind to___.___enter postsynaptic cell if membrane___via___. Calcium activates___.This helps insertion of____into postsynaptic density. LTP causes___changes(like dendritic growth) long lasting LTP needs____

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glutamate,NMDA receptor,calcium,depolarized,NMDA receptor,CaM-KII,AMPA receptor, structural, protein synthesis