Lecture 15 Vocab

Front 1

genotype

Back 1

the alleles that an individual carries for a particular character

Front 2

phenotype

Back 2

the trait the individual displays (which is determined by its genotype)

Front 3

gene

Back 3

a discrete unit of inheritance. specifically, it is the nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific protein.

Front 4

character

Back 4

a characteristic of an organism that in determined genetically. e.g. "flower color"

Front 5

trait

Back 5

the version of a character than an organism has. e.g. "purple" or "white"

Front 6

allele

Back 6

the version of a gene that an individual carries. each gene "codes" for a specific trait

Front 7

locus

Back 7

the location on a chromosome where a gene is

Front 8

dominant

Back 8

an allele whose phenotype is always expressed in its carriers

Front 9

recessive

Back 9

an allele whose phenotype is displayed in its carriers only if no dominant allele is present

Front 10

heterozygous

Back 10

has 2 different alleles for a character

Front 11

homozygous

Back 11

has the same two alleles for a character

Front 12

law of segregation

Back 12

an organism carries two alleles, but only 1 is passed on to offspring.

Front 13

law of independent assortment

Back 13

which allele is passed on for gene A does not affect which allele is passed on for gene B

Front 14

test cross

Back 14

crossing an individual showing the dominant phenotype to an individual showing the recessive phenotype, in order to determine the genotype of the dominant individual.