Lecture 15: Stress And Trauma

Front 1

what is the definition of a traumatic event according to the American Psychiatric Association?

Back 1

-psych distressing event outside range of NORMAL human experience
-markedly distressing to ANYONE; marked by fear, terror, or helplessness
-threat to self, a loved one, destruction of ones home/community, witnessing death
-alone or with others experience

Front 2

PTSD post traumatic stress disorder can occur only right after event

true or false

Back 2

FALSE
can have a delayed onet. (months after)

Front 3

PTSD symptoms
1

Back 3

1. exposure to traumatic event
--experienced witnessed or confronted with an event involving actual or threatened death or serious injury. or threat to physical integrity or others
-EMOTIONS= fear, helplessness, terror

Front 4

PTSD symptoms
2

Back 4

2. recurring intrusive memories of trauma or recollections
--pop into head
--dreams or nightmares
--flashbacks
--physio stress when brought to same area

Front 5

PTSD symptoms
3

Back 5

3. avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli or NUMBING
--remained detached
--no longer feel intense positive or negative emotions
--children may lose acquired developmental skills

Front 6

PTSD symptoms
4

Back 6

4. persistent hyperarousal
--on the look out, guarding in environment
--concentration difficulty, tasks difficult
--behavior change- impulsive or angry than once was
--many diff clusters

Front 7

to be diagnosed these symptoms must last more than ______

Back 7

1month

Front 8

how do you treat PTSD

Back 8

therapy

medication

social support

Front 9

acute stress disorder
symptoms

Back 9

exposure to traumatic event
same symptoms at PTSD numbing re experience, avoidance, anxiety

Front 10

acute stress disorder time minimums and maximums

Back 10

lasts for minimum of 2 days
max of 4 weeks
onset must occur with 4 weeks of event

Front 11

Three mile island nuclear accident
the study

Back 11

-54 ppl living 5mile radius of TMI
-control group 80miles
-tried to match symptoms with ppl

Front 12

Three mile island nuclear accident
the findings

Back 12

TMI exp more symptoms
distress, anxiety, depression, anger
higher levels of cortisol epineph and no epineph
those who felt lack of control=heightened reactivity more likely to show. +physiological symptoms
-ALSO intrusive thoughts

Front 13

9/11 coping survey

Back 13

90% reported stress symptoms. angry anxious, upset, irritable, intrusive thoughts

Front 14

9/11 coping survey
stats

Back 14

97- talking about feelings
90- turned to religion
60- group activity participation
39- avoidance of activity that reminded them of attacks
36- donated blood or volunteered
18- extra supplies
75- checked safety of family
32- check on potential missing
47-kids affected worry about parents

Front 15

9/11 effects
study

Back 15

random digit dialing:1008 ppl living south of 110th manhattan street

Front 16

9/11 effects
findings?

Back 16

7.5% PTSD worthy
study was interested in finding those most vulnerable to PTSD= those who were already experiencing stressors pre-9/11
9.7% had likely clinical depression

Front 17

9/11 effects
effects on diagnosis?

Back 17

depression diagnosis if lost a loved one on 9/11

Front 18

9/11 national probability sample
2 months
6 months and greater

Back 18

LOOK UP ANSWER
effect on mental and physical health?

Front 19

nationwide responses to 9/11
the study

Back 19

web based representative survey 3131 ppl
oversampling of DC and NY area
PTSD probably highest in NY
---denial, self blame, seeking social support, coping disengagement

Front 20

nationwide responses to 9/11
PTSD was associated mostly with...

Back 20

prior mental and physical disorders

Front 21

finding meaning
__% tried to find meaning after attacks
__% could not find meaning
__% could find meaning and this predicted _____ _____ ______.

Back 21

70%
60%
40%, lower, PTSD, symptoms

Front 22

social interactions and 9/11
the study

Back 22

EAR recording interactions before and after attacks

Front 23

conversation time did not change after attacks but __________ did.

Back 23

type of conversation

Front 24

group and phone conversations ______ but _____conversations increased.

Back 24

dyadic

Front 25

dyadic convos associated with ______ two weeks post attacks.

Back 25

less intrusive thoughts

Front 26

more _______ talking than on the phone or in the group

Back 26

intimate
-more 1 on 1 convo
-those who increased 1 on 1 interaction had fewer intrusive thoughts
-possibly worked through emotions

Front 27

Katrina
PTSD for N.O. residents associated with?
PTSD for other areas associated with?

Back 27

phys adversity and phys injury

property loss

Front 28

Katrina
survivors?

Back 28

greater risk of cardiovascular disorders

Front 29

Katrina
study

Back 29

1000+ survey residents of NO and other areas 5-7 months
no CONTROL GROUP

Front 30

Katrina
study

Back 30

physical adversity(sleeping in basement church, difficulty obtaining food) = PTSD

physical injury = PTSD

PROPERTY LOSS = PTSD for those not living in NO

Front 31

Katrina
physiological outcomes

Back 31

compared NO residents to control

35% more PTSD than control

+ depression, heart rate, BP
- proinflammatory cytokine activity

Front 32

Katrina
low income mother study

Back 32

mothers living 200% below poverty line -sig disadvantaged

Front 33

Katrina
low income mother study findings

Back 33

+ distress levels after Katrina
- levels of social support
displaced social network
erosion of social network
greater prehurricane social support = greater posthurricane social support (also with less prehurricane distress) +support = less distress

greater pre-h support
=fewer related stressors
=less post-h distress
LIVING NEEDS SUPPORT more ppl to draw from