Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is this place? When was it "built"? Why is it important? |
- Horn of Qurna, Valley of the Kings, Thebes - 18th dynasty, natural formation - highest elevation of western mountains (450m), closer to nile, so that people wouldn't raid tombs - tombs and place to worship king are now separate |
|
|
What is significant about 18th dyn. funerary temples? |
- most are in poor state of preservation - use Hathshepsut's to resemble basic elements of other 18th dyn complexes |
|
|
What is a funerary temple? |
a place to worship the king as a god |
|
|
What is unique about new kingdom mortuary temples |
- separated from tomb - often same layout as state temple (court, hypostyle hall, sanctuary) but east to west - dedicated to cult of death, rebirth of king - also dedicated to cult of amen-re and osiris in association with king |
|
|
What are typical scenes in new kingdom mortuary temples? |
- king's guarantee of cult activity for gods - god's guarantee of rule for king - rebirth of king into afterlife - continued creation of gods |
|
What is this image? Where was it built? Dynasty? Why was this important? |
- Hatshepsut's mortuary temple - Dier el Bahari, Thebes - 18th dynasty - same place as Montuhotep II, sacred place of Hathor |
|
|
Why did Hatshepsut become king? Why is she a king and not a queen? |
- death of her husband, son was too young - king has to do with status, not gender |
|
|
What was Hatshepsut's tomb itself called? How long did it take to build? |
- Djeser Djeseru "holy of holies" - 15 years |
|
|
Hatshepsut becomes goddess of? |
cemeteries, protects children as they go through afterlife |
|
What is this? What aspects are introduced in this picture? What do the representations depict? |
- mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, Dier el Bahari - false palaces, Expedition to Punt (mythical place) - legitimization of the throne |
|
What are these pictures of? Where were they found? |
- king and queen of punt - hatshepsut mortuary temple |
|
- What is this? - Where was this found? |
- table of offerings from anubis chapel - hatshepsut mortuary temple |
|
What is this? Who is this? Where was it found? What is it modelled after? |
- hathor column - hathor: goddess of western thebes - hatshepsut mortuary temple (hathor chapel) - sistrum: instrument to appease gods |
|
- What is this? - What is it made of? - Where is it found? |
- inlaid hathor head, manifested as cow - alabaster and lapis lazuli - hatshepsut mortuary temple |
|
- What is this? - Where was it found? - How many were there originally? |
- fragment of osiride pillar - Hat. mortuary temple - 10 |
|
- Who is this? - Where was it located (be specific) - What is he wearing on his head? - What does his beard represent? |
- thutmose I - sacrifice courtyard, hat. mortuary temple - composite crown - osiris |
|
What is this? Where was it found? Why is this important? |
- hatshepsut as a woman - hat. mortuary temple - one of the two only statues of her depicted as female |
|
What is this? Where was it found? Why is this important? |
- hatshepsut as a woman - hat. mortuary temple - ceremonial costume, unites official status - one of only two statues depicted as female |
|
What is this? Where was it found? What are they holding? |
- kneeling colossal hatshepsut - hat. mort. temple - nu jars, wine offering |
|
- What is this? - Why is this important? - Why is it still preserved? |
- statue niche with names erased - hatshepsut's son chiseled most of her names out, purposely destroyed - it was still sacred for other gods, didnt want to piss them off |
|
|
What was the purpose of the Beautiful Feast of the Valley? |
- renew strength of Amen Re, deceased kings - renew rule of king |
|
|
What is the largest mortuary temple of the entire New Kingdom? What happened to it? |
- temple of Amenhotep III - most of it was destroyed bc located in (now) fertile land |
|
What is this? Where was it located? How was its name given? |
- colossi of memnon - mortuary temple of amenhotep III - memnon was killed in ethiopia, would squeak at dawn crying to its (mother dawn) (but not actually bc sun would heat up cracks) |
|
- What is this? - What facial features are depicted? |
- colossal head of amenhotep III wearing red crown - almond shaped eyes, broad nose, full mouth with sharp ridge |
|
What is this? What is he doing? What is he wearing? |
- stela of amenhotep III from sun court - defeating his enemies (has captives in chariot) |
|
|
What were the ramesside mortuary temples also known as? What does it associate the king with? |
- house/temple of millions of years - osiris, amen re (as divinity after death) |
|
Who is this? |
- sety I |
|
What and where is this? |
- mortuary temple of seti i - qurna, thebes |
|
What is this? Where is this? |
- osiris temple of seti I - abydos |
|
- What is this? - Describe what is happening - What are they holding? |
scene from seti I's chapel - king with nekhbed, wadjit, horus and thoth - have sema tawy |
|
What is this? |
- seti I seated on lap of Isis |
|
- What kind of image is this? - What is this of? - Where is this? - Why is this unique? |
- cult image - amun and seti I - temple of Seti I - king performs daily ritual in front of statue (eg giving bath, dressing it up) |
|
- What kind of image is this? - What is this of? - Where is this? - Why is this unique? |
- cult image - amun and seti I - temple of Seti I - king performs daily ritual in front of statue (eg giving bath, dressing it up) |
|
What is this? What is unique about this? How were the depicted differently? |
- seti heiroglyphics - name is different at each place bc seti derives from seth who killed osiris - second with isis knot, third with osiris - different heiroglyphs but same pronunciation |
|
What is this? How is it unique? |
- hypostyle hall, seti's osiris temple - papyrus tapered bottoms, first enclosed hypostyle hall |
|
What is this? |
- kneeling figure of Seti I |
|
|
What 2 major battles happened during the Ramesside period? |
- battle of Qadesh against hittite empire - battle against sea peoples and libyans |
|
What layout is this? What is unique about this? |
- ramesseum of ramesses II mortuary temple - mortuary temples became self sufficient (didn't rely on preists of karnak) - many storage areas |
|
What are these? What period are the from? What does it represent? |
- storage areas - ramessi period - houses of millions of years |
|
- What is this? - Why is it important? |
- colossal statue of ramesses II - largest seated statue of Western thebes - so big that it would overlook pylons |
|
What is this? |
- transportation of bust "young memnon" by same guy who wrote his name in red pyramid |
|
What is this? Where was it found? Why is it unique? |
- younger memnon - ramesseum - dual stones, represents sunest |
|
What is this? Where was it found? Describe what is happening What is he wearing on his head? What does this represent? |
- relief from "holy of holies" Ramesseum - sitting under ished tree with atum nd sheshat inscribing name on leaves - composite - legitimization of throne |
|
What is unique about this layout? |
- huge fortress wall |
|
What is this? What was it part of? What could it have been used for? |
- medinet habu - funerary temple of ramesses III - residence |
|
What is unique about this? What dynasty is this from? |
- scene of family life where king is playing with daughters - 20th dynasty |
|
What is this? What is depicted on the wall? |
- first pylon of Medinet Habu, best preserved pylon of western Thebes - smiting scene |
|
What is this? Describe the scene (cabbages) |
- Min festival - bring fertility to land - if you cut cabbages in half, produce white milky substance... |
|
What is this? What is it referenced to? |
- medinet habu, window of appearances, similar to amarna period |
|
- Who is this? - What is unique about this? |
- ramesses I, died so soon after horemheb so its very similar |
|
Who are these two? What is happening and what does it symbolize? What is unique about the figure on the left? |
- seti I and Hathor - hathor holding out necklace for king to retoch, rebirth - hathors skin colour is same as king (usually its white) and dress has his name on it |
|
What is this? |
- astronomical ceiling, burial chamber of seti I |
|
|
What important figure is buried in the valley of the Queens? What was it technically called? |
- queen nefertari, wife of ramesses II - place of royal children |
|
Who is in this image? |
- nerfertari and thoth (wisdom god) |
|
What is this? |
-colossal statue of ramesses II |
|
Who is this? (be specific) How do you know? Where was this found? |
- ramesses II first style - slight smile, face is more youthful - temple of Ptah |
|
What is this? |
- victory (commemorative) column - celebration over sea peoples |
|
|
- stela of ramesses II near heliopolis - talks about king's journey through desert to red mountains and found quartzite to give to sculptor to make colossal statue |
|
What is this? What is unique about this? |
- recontstruction of heliopolis temple - kneeling run |
|
Why was it called this? |
- excavators originally thought it was pi-ramesse but they actually moved everything to tanis - from collapse of intermediate period |
|
What is this? What was it used for and why? |
- avenue of sphinxes - temple to worship king - way to establish self from country thats just been taken over |
|
What is this? Where is it located? |
- Temple of ramesses II - abu simbel, Nubia |
|
|
Why is Pi-ramesse important? Why is Abu simbel important? Why is Heliopolis important? |
- political capital of ramessi kings - one of most imporessive temples to kiving gods - sun sity, worship atum, ra, etc |
|
What does each one represent? (including middle) left to right |
- ramesses sun of the rulers - ruller of the two lands - re harakhty, holding maat (order) - ramesses, loved by amun - ramesses, loved by atum |
|
What is this? Why is it unique? |
- pillars inside ramesses II temple, abu simbel - offerings to himself |
|
What is this? Why is it unique? |
- temple sanctuary, ramesses II with 3 gods, king of equal status with gods - on equinoxes, rays of rising sun will illuminate group |
|
What is this? |
- small temple dedicated to queen nefertari - king is surrounding her |
|
What happening in this? Why is it significant? Describe the body proportions |
- relief scene in nefertari temple being crowned by hathor and isis - first time queen is interacting with goddesses without king - women are very slender, feminine, moved away from amarna style |
|
|
How did Ramesses I come into power? |
- was a vizier for Horemheb |
|
|
Explain the battle of Qadesh |
- egypt spreading north to "israel and lebanon" - crossed paths with hittites - realized that no one was gonna win - signed the first peace treaty |
|
What is this? |
- first pylon and avenue of ram sphinxes that leads to hypostyle hall |
|
What is this? What is interesting about this? |
- entrance to hypostyle hall, ramesses temple in karnak - a lot of things stolen to make this |
|
What is this? |
- hypostyle hall, ramesses temple at karnak |
|
What type of picture is this? What is happening? |
- pylon relief - young seti I offerring flowers to gods |
|
What is happening? Why is this relief unique? |
- ramesses II oferring food to gods - sunk relief even though its inside - used sunk relieft throughout reign of ramesses II (just like akhenaten) |
|
What is happening? Why was this depicted? |
-scene of warfare with Seti I - to show power |
|
What is this? |
- temple of ramesses II at karnak |
|
Who is this? How do you know? |
- ramesses II thought he has to be worshipped with the gods |
|
Who is this? What style is this? How do you know? |
- Ramesses II first style - Dimple in chin, youthful, old school pleated dress, flowy and clingy, blue crown |
|
Who is this? What style is this? |
- ramesses II first style |
|
What is this? Who was it built by? |
- processional barque shrine, sety I |
|
What is this? |
Cachette court, ramesses II karnak temple |
|
What is this? |
human headed sphinxes that lead from karnak to luxor |
|
What is this? How is it interesting? |
- representation of entrance pylon - not allowed to have front facing pictures, so they face eachother |
|
What is this? What is interesting about this? |
- base of ramesses II's colossal statue - preists are wearing leopard skin |
|
What is this? How is this different from previous work? |
- bust of nefertiti - transitioned from "dogmatic" style to more natural idealization - produced some of most naturalistic portaits in egyptian art |
|
Who is this? What style is this? How is it different? |
- Akhenaten, late style - better proportioned |
|
What is this? Describe how this is unique What does this represent? |
- red quartzite statue of nefertiti - garment clinging to body, moves away from "slim figure" - femininity and fertility |
|
Who is this? What do people suspect when the see this? What do scientists think happened? |
- head of daughter of akhenaten - aliens? genetic disorder? incest? - sutures might've fused too early |
|
Who is this? What was her role? What did she supposedly do? |
- Queen Tiy, queen mother of akhenaten - played important role in cult of akhenaten at amarna - speculation that her and nefertiti ran country and akhenaten was more spiritual |
|
What is this? |
tomb of ipy |
|
What is this? How is this similar to the kings at that period? |
- tomb of royal scribe worshipping the hymm to aten - officials and elites copied royal style but at a lesser degree |
|
|
Where was akhenaten and his family buried? |
rock cut tomb in A-wadi, amarna |
|
What is this? Where was it found? How are the dimensions different? What is different about this typical scene of afterlife? |
- slab from royal tomb - amarna - grid is 20 squares (extra for large stomach and neck area) - akhenaten, queen and royal daughters are offering to aten instead of king interacting with other gods |
|
|
What is different about Akhenaten's sarcophagus? |
shows 4 nefertitis on the corners instead of 4 goddesses and sons of amon and anubis |
|
What is this scene (be specific)? What period is this? |
- royal tomb scene of mourning meketaten, daughter of akhenaten who died at child birth - amarna |
|
|
What are 3 possible reasons for Akhenaten's reforms? |
- political/ economical, amen re cult at karnak grown too powerful - egotistical, king wanted more power - philosophical, changed things according to what he believed |
|
|
What were the 4 reasons for failure of akhenaten's religion? |
- inability for individuals to have direct access to gods - inability to prepare for afterlife - inability to pray for familiar household deities for everyday matters - no concept of evil, problems, sickness |
|
|
What happened to Aten and akhenaten after his death? |
- akhenaten rejected as model king - aten became minor deity |
|
Who is this? What is unique about his reign? |
- king tut - died so early that a lot of things inside his tomb are style of amarna period |
