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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Procaine drug type & MOA
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Its an ester
MOA: Penetrates voltage-gated Na+ channel as unionized moiety, once inside blocks channel as ionized moiety Nerve exhibits use-dependent block Low potency, slow onset, short duration |
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Procaine - what sort of nerves does it block?
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active nerves! - has to get inside to block
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Procaine use?
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infiltration anesthesia
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Procaine clearance
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rapidly hyrdrolyzed by plasmaesterases!
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Procaine side effects?
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CNS (severity parallels potency): sedation (low dose), excitation & seizures (high dose—blocks inhibitory neurons), coma, respiratory depression
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tetracaine MOA & drug type
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Long acting ester
MOA: Penetrates voltage-gated Na+ channel as unionized moiety, once inside blocks channel as ionized moiety Nerve exhibits use-dependent block slow onset, more potent, longer acting |
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Tetracaine uses?
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Spinal Block and topical preparatin
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Tetracaine side effects?
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CNS (severity parallels potency): sedation (low dose), excitation & seizures (high dose—blocks inhibitory neurons), coma, respiratory depression
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Tetracaine clearance?
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• Inactivated mainly by plasma esterases
Tetrocain has slow metabolism • Little drug normally reaches the systemic circulation, especially when administered with vasoconstrictor |
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lidocaine drug type & MOA
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Amide; intermediate acting
Penetrates voltage-gated Na+ channel as unionized moiety, once inside blocks channel as ionized moiety Nerve exhibits use-dependent block |
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lidocaine uses?
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Local anesthetic (intermediate acting)
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lidocaine toxicity?
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CNS effects at lower concentrations than cardiac effects
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Lidocaine clearance
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Hepatic: high extraction (clearance sensitive to changes in renal blood flow)
N-dealkylation & amide hydrolysis |
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bupivacaine drug type & MOA
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AMIDE; long acting
Penetrates voltage-gated Na+ channel as unionized moiety, once inside blocks channel as ionized moiety Nerve exhibits use-dependent block |
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Bupivacaine use?
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long acting local anesthetic
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Bupivocaine side effects??
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Bupivocaine: cardiac complications may appear before CNS side effects!
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Bupivocaine clearance?
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Hepatic
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levopivacaine drug type & moa?
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Amide; long acting
Penetrates voltage-gated Na+ channel as unionized moiety, once inside blocks channel as ionized moiety Nerve exhibits use-dependent block ← fewer cardio effects |
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Levopivacaine use?
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Local anesthetic, long acting
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Levopicvacaine clearance
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hepatic
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prilocaine drug type, moa, and use
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Amide; intermediate acting
MOA: Na+ pump inhibitor use: Local anesthetic (intermediate-acting) |
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Prilocaine clearance
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hepatic
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Benzocaine drug type & use
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Ester
--> ONLY USED TOPICALLY AS OINTMENT |
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what reverses the actions of lidocaine?
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EPINEPHRINE!!!
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