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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define caregiver
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anyone who provides assistance to someone else who is in some degree incapacitated and needs help
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what is the time burden of a CG
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approx 20 hours
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what percentage of CG work full time?
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50%
while juggling multiple demands |
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what are some issues faced by caregivers?
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care of others WHILE caring for own kids
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who are the primary caregivers of chronically ill individuals?(percentages0
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their child: 35%
their spouse:30% their sibling:9% their parent: 9% someone else:16% |
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what % of CG are female?
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75%
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CG have higher rates of _________ and _______.
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depression and anxiety
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TRUE OR FALSE
Women are more likely to be depressed. |
true
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% of CG who experience depression
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50%
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CG are two times as likely to....
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use prescription drugs for anxiety, depression, insomnia
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emotions experienced by CG (%)
love |
96
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emotions experienced by CG (%)
appreciated |
90
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emotions experienced by CG (%)
proud |
84
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emotions experienced by CG (%)
worried |
53
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emotions experienced by CG (%)
frustrated |
37
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sad or depressed
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28
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overwhelmed
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22
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CGing and mortality
-the study |
-400 spousal CG and 4 matched controls in a 4 year study
-56% reported strain (significantly taxing and strenous) nearly half did not report strain meaning there is variability -groups --not caregiving, spouse disabled and not caregiving --caregiving and no strain --caregiving and strain |
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CGing and mortality
-the findings |
caregivers reporting strain = 64% HIGHER MORTALITY RATE
more likely to die during 4 yr period |
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CGing and mortality (explained)
______ behaviors? (2) |
Health
less likely to sleep, take time to rest when sick, less likely to exercise |
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CGing and mortality (explained)
______ system decrements |
Immune
-fewer NK cells, less NK cell activity -LOWERED lymphocyte proliferation levels ---decrements in immune response ---maybe the mechanism in which you get negative events in health outcomes from CGing |
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CGing and mortality (explained)
______ aging |
Cellular
(CA) |
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CGing and mortality (explained)
CA - telomere |
protective cap on the end of chromosome (shorter = more aged)
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CGing and mortality (explained)
telomere length x stress telomere length x CGin length |
more stress shorter telomere
number of years CGen, shorter telomeres |
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CGing and mortality (explained)
telomerase |
enzyme that elongates chromosome (less = more aging)
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CGing and mortality (explained)
study on telomerase study? |
high levels of stress had low levels of telomerase
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CGing and mortality (explained)
study on telomerase childhood adversity |
childhood adversity = shortened telomerase
CURE? CAREGIVING!!!! |
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CGing and mortality (explained)
childhood abuse x CGing = ? CGing childhood x acute stressor =? |
greater proinflammatory cytokine production
lower levels of telomerase |
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when CGing ends there remains elevated levels of ______ and ______.
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loneliness and depression
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how long does it take for former CGs to return to normal levels of perceived stress and negative affect
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2-3 years!
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among former CGers, _________ and _______ predicted _______ affect and perceived _______.
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intrusive
avoidant negative stress (kept thinking about CG experience) |
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social support predicted(for CGers) more _________ emotion
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positive
(other ppl can turn CGing into their lives) |
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CG are predictors of _______ and lack of _______ ________.
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intrusive thoughts
social support |
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what percentage of americans have a chronic stressor?
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50%
a chornic stressor is one that cannot be cured. it can only be MANAGED |
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traditional focus (view on) treatment of chronic stressors
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SURVIVAL
whats extends life and lets you live longest |
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modern focus of treatment of chronic stressors
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QUALITY OF LIFE
degree to which one can max out physical, psychological, vocational, and social functioning |
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what are the emotional responses to chronic stressors? (5)
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-shock
-denial-manage emotions vs. ability to adhere -anxiety-common when waiting on info -decreases over time but can spark up -depression-1/3 symptoms, 1/4 severe. (more delayed, can influence prognosis) -resilience - approach with challenge attitude. POSITIVE |
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negative emotions increase through chronic illnesses?
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not necessarily. only for certain events
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define adaptation
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process of making changes in order to adjust to life circumstances
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adaptation and illness related factors
disfigurement- changes in bodily function or disability- causal attribution controlability |
disfigurement-more-harder to adjust
changes in bod function-fewer= harder to adjust causal attribution-self blame can lead to depression. blaming others is also bad, association to negative outcomes controllability- positive in terms of long term disability coping |
