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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensory and motor neurons can be linked directly in the _________ _______.
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spinal cord
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What is a spinal reflex?
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A mottor response (muscle contraction) produced when a sensory neuron synapses on a spinal cord motor nueron
-very fast (occurs b4 info reaches brain) INVOLUNTARY |
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what are the diff. kinds of skin receptors?
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pain
temp touch pressure vibration |
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What do muscle receptors sense?
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stretch and tension (travel to spinal cord and can be involved in spinal reflexes)
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What are the stpes to Stretch Reflex?
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1. stretch of muscle stimulates muscle spindles
2. activation of sensory neuron 3. sensory neuron synapses on motor neuron 4. activation of motor neuron 5. contraction of muscle |
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What is the response of the knee jerk?
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quads contract and leg extends
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What is the purpose to test stretch reflex?
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integrity of nerve-is the response fast?
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Damage to Dorsal root (sensory nerve)?
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ex. disk herniation
-loss of incoming info -no reflex, mottor ok, no sensation |
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Damage to Ventral Root (mottor nerve)?
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Ex Polio
-Loss of outgoing info -no motor -sensory ok |
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A sensory nerve synapses directly on a spinal cord motor neuron cell body (only 1 synapses has occured...what is this called?
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Monosynaptic Reflex (ex. stretch reflex-happens to keep upright position)
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This is an unconscious reaction to a painful stimulus-a sensory neuron synapses on interneurons which synapse on motor neurons (more than 1 synapse occurs)
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Polysynaptic Reflex- ex withdrawal reflex
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Autonomic Nervous System aslo known as?
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Visceral system
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ANS coordinates function of?
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cardiovascular syste,
respiratory system digestive system urinary system reproductive system |
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What are two similarities btwn autonomic and somatomotor system?
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both motor systems and they both innervate muscle
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somatic innervates _________ muscles and autonomic innervates _________ and _________ muscles
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skeletal
cardiac smooth |
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Somatic is voluntary (initiates) and autonomic is ____________ (DOES NOT initiate!)
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involuntary
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Somatic is a ___ neuron system while the autonomic is a ___ neuron system
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1
2 |
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Where are the somatomotor neuron cell bodies found?
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CNS
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Somatomotor axons synapse directly on ____________ muscles in the ____________
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skeletal
periphery |
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What is neauron # 1 called in the ANS? #2?
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preganglionic neuron
postganglionic neuron |
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What do neuron #1 and #2 in the ANS allow?
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Allows signal to be amplified or weakened or otherwise modified btwn its source and its targets
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Where are preganglionic cells located?
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CNS
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Postganglionics body cells are located in the ________ in the _____
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ganglia
PNS |
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Pre ganglionic neurons synapse on ____________ ____________ and postganglionic neurons synapse on smooth or cardiac muscles in the ____________
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postganglionic neurons
periphery |
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Do the 2 divisions of the ANS compete with each other?
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No, when one is regulated the other is down regulated
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PArasympathetic are more __________ than sympathetic because sympathetic are spread out everywhere (blood system)
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localized
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Sympathetic Nervous Sypetm: Pre ganglionic located in _______ _______ and postganglionic located in _____________ trunnk (chain of ganglia)
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spinal cord
sympathetic |
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With whom do the sympathetic nerves travel with to reach their targets?
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spinal nerves
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What readies the body for crisis?
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The sympathetic division:
respiratory rate:increase heart rate/blood pressure:increase metabolism:increases alertness:increases sweating: increase digestive and urinary functions:decrease |
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The parasympathetic system the preganglionic is located in ______________ and in the _______ __________. the postganglionic cell bodies are located in the ______ or in the __ of the viscera
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brainstem
spinal cord head walls |
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Parasympathetic axons from the brainstem:
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travel through cranial nerves to reach targets in head, thorax, and abdomen
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Parasympathetic axons from the spinal cord:
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travel by themselves to reach target in PELVIS
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What does the parasympathetic division stimulate?
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visceral acvtivity and it also conserves energy
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an increase in parasympathetic activity results in:
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-heart rate/blood pressure:decrease
-metabolic rate:decrease -glandular secretions:increase -digestive tract motility:increases -urge to urinate:increase |
