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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Surface Projection of the Heart
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Superior Left Point
Inferior Left Point Superior Right Point Inferior Right Point Apex beat in 5th intercostal space in the medioclavicular line |
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Heart surfaces and regions
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2 surfaces (anterior & inferior)
2 borders (left & right) |
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Location of the heart
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Mediastinum (area from sternum to vertebral column and between lungs)
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The Pericardium
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confines heart to the mediastinum while allowing movement
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Description of the heart wall and pericardium (3 features)
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epicardium
endocardium myocardium |
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Chambers of the heart
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Right atrium
Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Anterior/Posterior Interventricular Sulcus |
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Right atrium
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recieves blood from superior/inferior vena cava & coronary sinus
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Interatrial septum
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patitions the atria
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Tricuspid Valve
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blood flows through into the right ventricle
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Right Ventricle
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Forms most of the anterior surface of the heart
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Papillary muscles
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cone shaped trabeculae carneae
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Chordae tendineae
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cords between valve cusps and papillary muscles
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Interventricular septum
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partitions ventricles
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Pulmonary semilunar valve
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blood flows into pulmonary trunk
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left atrium
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receives blood from the lungs (4 pulmonary veins)
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bicuspid valve
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blood passes through into left ventricle
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Left ventricle
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forms apex of heart
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Chordae tendineae
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anchor bicuspid valve to papillary muscles
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Aortic semilunar valve
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blood passes through valve into the ascending aorta
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Development of the heart
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from mesoderm third week of gestation
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Myocardial thickness
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Atria are thin walled
Ventricle walls are much thicker and stronger (left is the thickest) |
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Dense CT rings (fibrous skeleton of the heart)
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surround the valves of the heart, fuse and merge with the interventricular septum
Support structure for heart valves Insertion point for cardiac muscle bundles Electrical insulator |
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Opening Atrioventricular Valves
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Opens when ventricular pressure is lower than atrial pressure
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ventricular diastole
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Ventricles relax, blood fills ventricles through A-V valves
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ventricular systole
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Ventricles contract, blood pumped into aorta and pulmonary trunk through SL valves
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Conduction System of Heart
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SA Node
AV Node AV Bundle Right/Left Bundle Branches Conduction Myofibers |
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Coronary Arteries
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Circumflex branc - supplies left ventricle and atrium
marginal branch - supplies right ventricle superior/inferior interventricular art. - supplies both ventricles |
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Coronary Veins
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Drains into a large sinus on posterior surface of heart called the coronary sinus
Coronary sinus empties into right atrium |
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Risk factors for atherosclerosis
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Sex
Age Family history cigarette smoking arterial hypertension hyperlipoproteinemia diabetes mellitus |
