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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) |
is an abnormality of the development of the proximal femur, acetabulum, or both - it was formerly know as congenital dislocation of the hip - most of them occur in the second or thrid trimester of fetal development due to positioning |
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Metatarsus adductus and equinovarus (club foot) |
are congenital deformities of the foot - usually due to positioning inside the uterus - may be treated with casting but some require surgery |
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Pes planus (flat foot) |
is a mild deformity that usually does not need surgical correction - most infants are born with flat feet, having the arch develop with age - painful flat feet can often be treated with shoe inserts |
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Osteogenesis imperfecta |
is an inherited connective tissue disorder that primarily affects bone - the bones are brittle, and fracture and bone deformities are increased - in it's severe form fractures occur in utero - it can also affect the collagen in vessels causing vascular weakness that can lead to aortic aneurysm |
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Rickets |
is a disorder in which bone fails to become ossified with minerals - it causes soft bones and skeletal deformities |
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Rickets comes from |
insufficient vitamin D intake, insensitivity to vitamin d, wasting of vitamin D by the kidney, or inability to absorb vitamin D and calcium from the gut |
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Scoliosis |
is a rotational curvature of the spine - it can result from congenital skeletal abnormalities, neuromuscular disease, trauma, bone infections, metabolic disorders, joint disease, or tumors or genetic factors - the exact cause is unknown |
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What happens with scoliosis |
early in the disease, the muscles and ligaments on the concave side of the curve become shortened - progressive deformities of the vertebral column and ribs develop causing a lateral deviation of the spinal column |
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Osteomyelitis |
is an infection of the bone - it occurs twice as often in males than females and most often between 3 and 12 years of age |
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What happens in osteomyelitis? |
bacteria enters the bone through the blood stream - infected burns, infected chickenpox lesions, prolonged IV alimentation, and trauma to the adjacent site are predisposing factors in its development - untreated it can affect the growth plate and arrest growth of the bone |
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is similar to the adult disease - however the unlike adult onset of the disease, JRA has the following manifestations |
1. Onset is more rapid than adult form 2. Predominiantly large joints are affected 3. Cerival spine involvement is common 4. Joint pain is not as severe as the adult form 5. Rheumatoid nodules can also be found in the heart, lungs, eyes, and other organs. |
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Muscular dystrophies |
are disorders that cause degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers |
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What is the most common muscular dystrophy |
Duchenne muscular dystophy |
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Duchenne muscular dystophy |
is caused by an X-linked genetic defect - the gene involved codes for the protein called dystrophin - the normal dystophin protein anchors the muscle fibers to the basement membrane - mutation of the gene causes a defective protein or no protein to be produced - the muscle fibers thus are not anchored and tear themselves apart under repeated contractions - cell death and muscle fiber necrosis follows |
